Design Strategy Research On Teaching Area Scenarios Of High School For Emergency Rescue Training

The difficulties of earthquake rescue activity not only rest with abruptness and destruction of seismic disaster,but also be affected by urban engineering environment and using mode of site.Due to the lack of methodology guidance and quantitative data,such hazards relief work is vunerable to a series of problems like low efficiency,frequent occurrences of secondary disasters and management turmoil.In view of the complexity and professionalism of emergency rescue activity,in recent years there are more and more countries take wreck simulators as platform for earthaquke rescue training,through highly emulated scenarios of collapsing buildings and falling-out to simulate the comprehensive seismic field,organizing regular training and improve practical operation skills for rescuers.However,because of neglect in a long period,absence of basic theory support,and technology limitation of data collection,there are seldom reseachers pay attention to the field of training facilities for earthquake rescue.The concept of wreck simulators for emergency rescue training originates from the need of disaster prevention and mitigation towards urban complicated engineering environment among developed countries in last century.Not only vivid damaged scenes that facility demand,but also requiring precisely presenting typical seismic field features and in consideration of all the aspects of rescue activities,to ensure pertinence,scienfic and professional of that facility.Based on analysis status quo of earthquake rescue practice in China,this paper tries to summarize the design strategy of structure-collapsing wreck,falling-out scenario and training facility arrangement of simulators through literature review,satellite imagine analysis and finite-element simulation,exploring the design-related issues in both quantitative and qualitative perspectives.First,all sorts of records and published works on emergency rescue operations and technologies across the world are complied.Based on the characteristics of earthquake disaster risk,emergency rescue theory and field operations,this thesis reveals the functional requirements and technical category of simulators for earthquake rescue training,points out the four vital factors constraints on design effect: original use of prototype building,collapse features,falling-out distribution features,security and reuse.In addition,other related elements are concluded like scale and area index of teaching area in high school,functional partition and spatial characteristics,pedestrian flowline and activity routines.Then,it is conducted a series of earthquake simulations by finite element method to observe the damage and collapse process of teaching building's structure.Through comparing the collapsing mechanism and correspondent features among constract groups under different conditions,some typical collapsing styles and common features are concluded,the suitable sample in those simulations be took as the prototype for the structure-collapsing wreck.Then moves to the following steps of structure optimization,living space and hiding spots definition,which devoted to solving the problems of structural stability and training area division,proposing the design strategy of structure-collapsing wreck.Furthermore,continuously input earthquake wave until the objectice structure collapsed completely,falling processes of structural components and correspondent hazards bringing to the site are observed in this stage.Through making a comparison among control groups with different plans and seismic waves,try to summarize several typical falling-out distribution scenarios of teaching area and the features of disaster field.Moreover,this research providing a way to extract and optimize the scenario of falling-out distribution according to simulation results,presenting the design strategy of falling-out scenario.In addition,a way of training models setting to fulfill different training damand is unveiled.Based on the prototype of structure-collapsing wreck and falling-out distribution scenario extracted in the previous stages,this research try to explore potential uses of different kinds of structure-collapsing wreck and falling-out distribution scenario,combining with the theories and technical characteristics of emergency rescue activity,realizing the training purpose of security and controllability on basis of emulation,and achieve the perfect unity of function and appearance through a series of technical solutions.Overall,this paper presented an interdiscriplinary characteristic in the science of architecture,disaster and computer,proposing a groundbreaking method of integration comprehensive disaster field information from both aspects of structure collapsing and falling-out.The organic relationship between building and site is constructed,which is long neglect in the field of hazards prevention and mitigation.Moreover,such research largely expands the dimension of training and the degree of emulation,providing a brandnew perspective and technical solutions to emulated facilities design for earthquake rescue training,which makes sense to theory establishment in this field and development of disaster reduction work for China.