The Research On Scenic Features And Landscape Design Of Temples Of Mount Wutai Scenic Area

The scenic areas with famous Buddhist and Taoist mountains organically integrate natural landscape with cultural landscape,and record the up-and-down development track of Buddhism and Taoism.As the top of the four famous Buddhist mountains in China,Mount Wutai is among the best of such scenic areas,but due to problems in management,development and protection,it showed the shattering of "form",absence of "spirit" and gradually weakening of the philosophical thought of"harmony between man and nature" and the traditional cultural atmosphere.Against this background and tracing the evolution of history,a study of the landscape features of Mount Wutai as a famous Buddhist and Taoist mountain and the principles and norms embodied in its temples and gardens plays a positive role in the protection of landscapes at scenic area and the promotion of the healthy and sustainable development of scenic spots,on the basis of religious culture,regional culture,landscape culture and architectural culture.Starting from the origin and evolution of Buddhism in Mount Wutai,this paper discusses the Mount Wutai from the macro to the microscopic,from the natural environment to the humanities,from the religious theory to the natural science.This paper built a logical framework of "national scope,regional scope,scenic area,settlement system,temples" in a sequence from the macro level to the micro level,to study the characteristics of Mount Wutai as a sacred mountain in different dimensions.On the macro levels of national scope and regional scope,the analysis mainly focused on the objective background for Mount Wutai to develop into a famous Buddhist mountain,which started with traditional Chinese cosmology and the Buddhist view of the world to explore the macro geographical location and structural distribution features of Mount Wutai,and to find out its inner connection with the ideal spatial patterns in traditional Chinese culture and the Buddhist world.On the micro levels of scenic area,the settlement,the analysis stressed the landscape features of Mount Wutai,temple site selection and the principles and norms embodied in its temples and gardens against the background of religiouscultural,and dug into the connotation and denotation of landscape and cultural features of Mount Wutai based on physical existence,The system cognition of "form" and "spirit" of Mount Wutai has been perfected.Through the above study,the following conclusions could be made in this paper.First,the landscape features of Mount Wutai scenic area should include four aspects,namely "sacred geometrical" spatial location,structural distribution features like "earthly Sumeru",settlement system with "monks and residents living in coexistence" and natural topographical advantages "in both form and spirit" in a sequence from the macro level to the micro level;Second,the principles and norms embodied in its temples and gardens could be summarized into the site selection of temples for the"mutual promotion between scenery and imagery",the layout of temples "following the shape and trend of mountains",the image of temples "conforming to the ritual system",guiding space for "transcending worldliness and attaining holiness",and the group of temples "organized in a logical and orderly manner".This paper provides a historical basis and theoretical basis for the protection and development of Mount Wutai Scenic Area,and adopted innovative research methodologies to make quantitative analysis of relevant content by using the software such as Arc GIS,Google earth and IBM SPSS Statistics 19.