Comparative Research On Modern Architectural Creation In Lingnan And Malay Peninsula (1950s-1970s)

As the starting point and important fulcrum of the Maritime Silk Road,cultural interaction between Lingnan and the Malay Peninsula has been frequent since ancient times.After the Second World War,namely from the 1950 s to 1970 s,although limited by economy,the complexity of social factors and the underdevelopment of construction technology,the architects of the two places still created a large number of simple but moving architectural works,which highlights the exploration of the localization of modernism architecture.Thus,it’s of great academic value and practical significance to re-examine and study about.The paper is based on extensive field researches.On the comparability of Lingnan architecture and Malayan architecture in the process of promoting the regionalization of modernist architecture from 1950 s to 1970 s from the perspectives of cultural business intercourse,ethnic relations of overseas Chinese and regional climate and geography,the research framework of synchronic comparison is established,with China and Southeast Asia as its macro background.Meanwhile,it focuses on Guangzhou,Singapore and Kuala Lumpur,which are the three cities with rich practice of modern architecture.The purpose of this paper is to summarize the historical experiences of the development of modern architecture from 1950 s to 1970 s by comparative study,in support of the construction of the Maritime Silk Road in the new era.It also sums up the true and simple values and design strategies of the architectural creation of the two places,to form the inspiration to the development of contemporary Lingnan architecture.The core content of this research is to draw lessons from the theory of architectural adaptability,and to compare the modern architectural creation of Lingnan and Malaya from 1950 to 1970 s from three dimensions: natural adaptability,social adaptability and humanistic adaptability.In the dimension of natural adaptation,comparative and inductive methods are used to compare the creative strategies of the two places in three aspects,namely adapting to the hot and humid climate,responding to the geographical environment and using local resources to sum up the concept of harmony between Lingnan architecture and nature,which shows that the layout of the building should be ventilated,the interior and exterior environment of the building should be closely connected with each other,and natural elements are in harmony with the architectural environment.While Malaya focuses on the ideal that the architectural space dominates natural environment,which is manifested by the creation of multi-level space,the exploration of the artistic expression of the exterior shade of the building,and the use of natural elements such as sunlight and plants to strengthen the expressive force of the building.In the dimension of social adaptability,the comparative study is carried out from three aspects: the development of architectural type,cost control and creation mechanism.The cultural buildings,collective houses and hotel buildings of the two places embody their own development characteristics based on the satisfaction of the social needs,which are promoted by the social changes.In the aspect of economic constraint,Lingnan architect maximizes the cost from the micro angle,while the Malayan architect adopts the modular type design from the macro level to control the construction cost.Under the control of national policy,both state-owned design institutions played a leading role.Lingnan region was characterized by the long-term continuous creative system of the collective design group,while the Malay Peninsula was characterized by the active role played by private architect firms.In the dimension of human adaptability,the architectural creation of the two places shows their own features based on the commonness of cultural diversity.Lingnan architecture emphasizes on the humanistic concept of living standards,which expresses the national cultural artistic conception and embodies the cultural harmony rooted in the secular life by the space of Lingnan garden.Malayan Peninsula architecture attaches great importance to the independent spirit of emerging countries and it responds to tradition by abstract symbolic forms,and expresses cultural conflicts of multi-ethnic and multi-religious.Based on the foregoing,the paper summarizes the common characteristics of the architecture in the two areas.Both of the two places highlight the regional characteristics of the architecture by adapting to the natural climate environment,express the spirit of the society by respecting the needs of reality,embody the pursuit of humane art by the fusion of multicultural values.At the same time,the commonness and difference between the architecture of the two ares have formed rich enlightenment to the development of contemporary Lingnan architecture in three aspects: value orientation,theory system and practice method.