| New energy industry is a strategic emerging industry,which has great strategic significance in ensuring national energy security,coping with climate change,improving ecological environment and promoting economic development.Industrial cluster is recognized as an important organizational form of industrial development,and an important carrier to promote economic growth,innovation and technological progress.At the present stage,the new energy industry has initially shown the characteristics of cluster development in some sense,forming four major industrial clusters: polycrystalline silicon and photovoltaic power station Western cluster developed with the advantages of light and resources;polycrystalline silicon Southwest industry cluster developed with the advantages of electric power and scientific research institutes;photovoltaic industry chain Eastern cluster developed with the advantages of technology,capital and supporting facilities;as well as the North China cluster of components and equipment developed with the advantages of talent and scientific research.However,the development of China’s new energy industry is still facing the problems of fluctuation of industry demand caused by policy factors,insufficient production capacity at the production end and low utilization rate of production capacity at the consumption end.Therefore,this paper takes the new energy industry as the breakthrough point,takes the industrial cluster as the perspective,studies the scale,distribution,productivity effect and its influencing factors of China’s new energy industry cluster,and explores the interaction among them from the perspective of industrial development,in order to fully depict the development context of China’s new energy industry cluster and provide reference for the development of related industries.In the framework of the paper,this paper first analyses the scale and spatial distribution characteristics of the new energy industry cluster,in order to clarify whether the new energy industry cluster has formed an industrial cluster.After systematically combing and analyzing the measurement methods of industrial clusters,according to the characteristics of various methods and the characteristics of new energy industry,this paper finally chooses location entropy as the method to measure the degree of new energy industry agglomeration.Based on the results of location entropy and exploratory spatial analysis,the spatial distribution pattern of China’s new energy industry cluster is analyzed.The results show that the distribution of China’s new energy industry clusters has obvious cluster differentiation and obvious regional differences.At present,China’s new energy industry has realized cluster development in only five provinces and cities,namely,Zhejiang,Jiangsu,Shanghai,Anhui and Jiangxi.The overall agglomeration level of new energy industry in China has improved,but some provinces and cities such as Beijing and Shaanxi have declined.From the perspective of spatial pattern,China’s new energy industry cluster shows a decreasing spatial pattern from east to west.At the same time,the development of China’s new energy industry shows strong spatial correlation.The results of the research on the factors affecting the development of new energy industry show that the upgrading of technology level,the promotion of government policies,the promotion of economies of scale and the transformation of traditional energy to new energy can all enhance the cluster of new energy industry.However,there are obvious differences among the eastern,central and Western regions.The eastern region needs the upgrading of technology level more,and the new energy production in the central and Western regions.The development of industrial clusters depends on the promotion of policies and the increase of investment.Is there overcapacity in China’s new energy industry? This chapter chooses SFA model to measure the productivity effect of China’s new energy industry cluster after comparing the calculation methods of productivity effect horizontally.The results show that the productivity effect of China’s new energy industry has experienced an upward trend and then a downward trend.The turning point occurred in 2013.The reasons for this phenomenon are not only the factors of "double negative" investigation,but also the factors of division of labor in new energy industry and regional differences.The productivity effect of China’s new energy industry is the highest in the eastern region,the second in the central region,and the lowest in the western region,and there are great differences among different provinces.At the same time,this paper uses Dagum Gini coefficient model to describe the difference of productivity effect in different regions.The results show that the difference of productivity effect of new energy industry mainly exists among regions,that is,the difference of productivity effect itself between eastern and central and Western regions.There is no obvious intra-group difference between eastern and central regions,but there is obvious intra-group difference in Western regions.Through theoretical combing and analysis,it is shown that the expansion of the scale of new energy industry cluster can enhance the productivity effect of new energy industry,and its specific mechanism is through the improvement of technical efficiency and economies of scale.However,the excessive scale of the new energy industry may hinder the improvement of the productivity effect of the new energy industry because of the excessive agglomeration and congestion effect.At the same time,the productivity effect is still affected by the level of industry development,external shocks and capital structure.Therefore,the relationship among the size,productivity effect and location distribution of industrial clusters needs to be considered in combination with other factors.The empirical results show that the new energy industry does have the phenomenon of excessive agglomeration,but the effect of excessive agglomeration is offset by the rapid increase of demand due to the promotion of policy factors on aggregate demand.At the same time,it should be noted that with the gradual withdrawal of China’s new energy subsidy policy,the decline in demand for new energy industry may lead to the emergence of overcapacity.Therefore,if China’s new energy industry wants to achieve substantial development,it should adhere to the path of government-guided,local-adapted and differentiated development,give full play to the positive role of industrial clusters as a form of production organization and industrial development model in promoting the development of new energy industry and stabilizing the productivity effect,and actively cultivate new energy industrial clusters with rational industrial layout and diversified development.In terms of policy choice,the government needs to actively adjust the subsidy policy for the new energy industry to achieve timely policy intervention and withdrawal.At the same time,different regions should formulate different strategies according to their own differences in the development of new energy industry.The development of new energy industry cluster in eastern China adheres to the development path of taking technology and talent as the core factors of production,and continues to follow the development mode of taking spontaneous growth industry cluster as the main factor and planning and guiding industry cluster development as the supplement.The development of new energy industrial clusters in central China should adhere to the coordinated development of planning-oriented industrial clusters and industrial transfer-oriented industrial clusters.The development of new energy industrial clusters in Western China still needs to be based on government cultivation.While encouraging the development of resource-driven industrial clusters,the digestion of excess capacity and the upgrading of high-quality capacity should be realized. |
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