Research On Stress Response And Intervention Method Of Passengers In Subway Fire

In 2003,the subway fire in Daegu,South Korea,pushed the study of subway fire evacuation to a hot research period,which lasted until 2015,and the relevant research results reached a peak.At present,whether from the statistics of subway fire accidents over the years or from the risk perception of subway operators,subway fire is still the focus of attention.As the most critical disaster-bearing body of subway fire,the safe evacuation of subway passengers has been studied.The research focuses on the evacuation characteristics and route selection in the process of evacuation.The research methods adopted are mainly questionnaire and simulation.This study will use experimental method to study the stress response of subway passengers in the face of subway fire,and put forward preventive intervention measures.Research on emergency evacuation of railway provides more accurate crowd characteristics parameters and research methods to compare,so as to improve the level of subway safety management.With the development of technology and products,such as computer healthmonitoring software and sports bracelet,human psychological indicators have beenmeasured in real time and convenience.So,this study will use experimentalmethod,the combination of observation and questionnaire method,respectively onthe train,station waiting and travel in three kinds of situations,to researchpassengers physiological indexes(body temperature,pulse and blood pressure)andpsychological stress reaction rules under different congestion degree.Theresulsts will provide a new basis for the construction of the subway passengerscrowded standard and decision support for the safety management of the subway.Based on the analysis of the causes of subway fire accidents,this study focuses on the fire stress response of subway passengers,and puts forward the stress intervention countermeasures.Based on the three elements of fire and the four elements of accident,the causes of fire accidents in metro are analyzed by accident tree.The results show that fire source is the key to fire accidents in metro,and the spark caused by the faults of electrical equipment of wire and cable is the main cause of fire source.The swallow tail catastrophe model of fire in Metro is established with human,machine and environment as control variables.The model analysis results show that no matter fire occurs,the swallow tail catastrophe model of fire As long as there are fire sources,fire may occur in the subway system.Besides fire damage,subway fire often causes secondary damage,which accords with the characteristics of subway fire accidents.Fuzzy Delphi method and triangular fuzzy number method were used to screen the adjustment variables and intermediary variables of subway passengers'fire stress.Twelve final variables were obtained,which were gender,age,toxic gas concentration,smoke concentration,fire temperature,secondary injury probability,crowding degree,problem-oriented response,intact rate of fire fighting and rescue facilities,guidance,emergency response ability and fire evacuation knowledge.The 12 variables were analyzed by the interpretative structural model,which can be divided into five levels of importance,the most important of which are sex,age,toxic gas concentration,smoke concentration,fire temperature and crowding degree.Based on the analysis results of stress adjustment variables and mediation variables in Metro fire,and according to the stress CPT theory,a stress response model of metro fire is constructed,which consists of three factors:stress source,mediation adjustment factors and stress response.Stress source is Metro fire,and mediation adjustment factors are mediation variables and mediation variables in Metro Fire stress response,and the response results are physiological.Response,psychological response and behavioral response.Taking heart rate and blood pressure as the indicators of stress physiological response,this paper creatively designs the VR subway fire induction paradigm and measures the physiological response indicators.The results show that the heart rate and systolic blood pressure indicators of volunteers'stress response are normal and belong to positive stress response.The maximum of diastolic blood pressure indicators is beyond the normal range,which needs attention.Based on the cusp mutation theory,the physiological stress response of subway passengers is analyzed.It is considered that the cusp mutation is in line with the characteristics.When the values of blood pressure P and heart rate R fall on the curve8~3+27~2=0,the passenger state S will mutate.The scale of subway fire anxiety was designed to measure the psychological response to stress by the level of anxiety,and stress was induced by the emotional fragments of subway fire.The results show that the data quality is high and passengers'anxiety level about subway fire is high.The anxiety level of men and women was higher than that of normal people,and the general level was in the norm of depression group.Moreover,the anxiety level of women is significantly higher than that of men.Based on the stress response model of subway fire,Vensim evacuation model and Pathfinder evacuation model are constructed.Both models can control four variables:sex ratio,age ratio,comfort distance(crowding degree),and the degree of guidance force(evacuation behavior).The model operation results show that if the controllable factors are within a reasonable range,Vensim can successfully evacuate 3000 people in 6 minutes,and Pathfinder's output results mainly focus on evacuation time and passenger flow.PPT training,VR experience and on-site exercise were designed for preventive intervention.The scores of anxiety scale under different intervention modes were analyzed,and the variance analysis of intervention modes and gender as significant factors affecting the intervention effect was conducted.The results showed that:from the persistence of intervention effect,on-site exercise had more influence on men.For a long time,VR experience has a greater impact on women;in terms of intervention effect,VR experience is more effective than PPT training and on-site exercises.