Heterogeneous Effects Of Farmer Households Participate In Farmland's Conservation Compensation Policy

During the last few decades,farmland's conservation compensation policies have been deemed as a means to achieve conservation goals while protecting high-quality farmland and promoting the rural landscape in American and European countries.Farmers voluntarily signed an agreement to participate in policy management,resulting in that they could access to relevant technical assistance,financial subsidies and economic compensation.Farmland resources are critical for constructing a health ecological system,and it is also the load bearing wall of economic development.With shrinking cultivated land resources and ever damaging farmland ecological environment,how to protect and utilize farmland resources properly,and how to make a balance between agricultural product supply and environment protection have shaped urgent,practical and crucial problems.Recently,in China,some comparative affluent developed regions or cities,such as CHENGDU city,in Sichuan province,SUZHOU city,in Jiangsu province,Guangdong province and Zhejiang province have also actively taken farmland economic compensation policy law in action,which,as a demonstration,is exploring an innovative farmland economic compensation mode and is making new rules.The goal of farmland compensation is to motivate farmer and farmer's association to participate into farmland protection.The infant compensation mode in China has become a typical practice and a valuable experience which is often adopted by local government.In this paper,we take SUZHOU and CHENDU as typical study examples,in which farmland compensation policies are taken in action firstly.The data(1108 valid questionnaires)used in this study was obtained through dynamic research in SUZHOU and CHENGDU farmer household survey in the year 2012 and 2015.We try to build Propensity Score Matching(PSM)and Difference in Difference(DID)model to analyze the heterogeneous effect and its obstructive factor of farmer household participation in farmland conservation compensation policy.Some suggestions and references are provided in this paper to optimize and to improve farmland conservation compensation policies.(1)With the gradual implementation of farmland conservation compensation policy,the proportion of farmer households,who are will to participate in compensation policy,goes to rise.There was a dramatic increase in the proportion from 37.22%by 2012 to 83.23 by 2015.Meanwhile,the proportion,82.80%in CHENDOU,was a minimal decline compared to SUZHOU with 83.82%percent.Sum up,those policies can motivated farmer in SUZHOU region to improve agricultural ecological environment and toreduce poverty levels.Comparatively,it facilitate farmer to show their initialtive to farmland conservation and increase farmer's income.(2)In this paper,based on SUZHOU and CHENGDU farmer household survey data,a propensity score matching model was builded to examine the effect and influence of compensation policiesat aspect of farm household income,consumption,labor supply,and compensation policy satisfaction,etc.F urthermore,we evaluated institutional factors that influence heterogeneity type farmer participating in farmland's conservation compensation policy by Ordinal Probit Regression.And then,Obstacles Model was exploited to analysis the main obstacle factors which constrain promotion compensation policy effects in those typical region.Results show that the farmers in CHENDU region can benefit from farmland's compensation policy,with their income and consumption promoted by 1131 Yuan and 418 Yuan respectively by mid-term(2015).However the effect of compensation policies in SUZHOU region is not as significant as CHENGDOU region at farmers'household income and comsumption.In terms of labor supply,compensation policies have reduced the non-agricultural labor force,and increased the agricultural labor force for benefit farmers' household.At the same time,compensation policies effectively motivated farmers' initial to participate in farmland protection.In addition,compensation fund was able to significantly left family household living standards in SUZHOU area.Moreover,the longer policy executed,the more significantly improved family household living standards in CHENGDU area.The results show that inadequate policy supervision is the main obstacles which reduce the efficiency of compensation policies.Additionally,compensation policy needs to be a unified standard in SUZHOU regions,and normalize the compensation type in CHENGDU area.(3)From the perspective of multi-functional used and survival dependent arable land,s,farmers can be categorized into four groups,namely economic functions,production functions,pension functions and ecological functions,according to the strength of arable function indicators.And then,we evaluated the effect and difference of cultivated function between heterogeneous type farmers who have participated in farmland conservation compensation policy.Furthermore the main obstructive factor was analyzed by applying Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method.Results show that production function-oriented farmers own the highest evaluation of compensation policy effect,with fuzzy index 0.560,followed by economic functions-oriented farmer,pension function farmer and ecological functions-oriented farmer,and the lowest fuzzy index is 0.464.Therefore,compensation policies should provide more subsidies for production function-oriented farmer who shown higher compensation policy initial to improve the efficiency of the compensation policy.We also found that lack of policy supervision is the main causes which reduce the policies efficiency of economic functions-oriented farmer and production function-oriented farmer.Inconsistent of policy standards,indistinct of payment form,and irrational allocation of funds are the three topest important barriers,for pension function-oriented farmer and ecological functions-oriented farmer,to enhance the effectiveness of the compensation policies.(4)Owing separation ofland contract rights and land management right,farmer types could be divided into circulation farmer and non-circulation farmer based on whether land use rights have been circulated or not.The Diference in Difference(DID)mode is formulated to analyze the effect of land capability heterogeneous type farmer participating in farmland conservation compensation policy and to compares its main obstructive factors and differences.Farmland conservation compensation policy appears to have had a positive impact on participants' per capita income,wage income,transfer income,household total consumption and per capita consumption.Therefore,compensation policy,for circulation farmer,can enhance total household income,reduce the amount of family agricultural labors and accelerate the non-agricultural transfer of labors.For non-circulation farmer,the compensation policy is associated with an increase in family agricultural labors,but a decrease in non-agricultural labors.In general,the impact of policies on labor supply for both circulation farmer and non-circulation farmer is opposite.Thanking to the implementation of the policies,the land transfer was accelerated,and the circulation of households' total income was enhanced from the perspective of land capability heterogeneous,inadequate supervision is the main obstacles limiting the efficiency of this policies,and the inequality of compensation types is the key obstructive factor of farmer participating in the compensation policy.According to the conclusion,this article recommends local governments to strengthen track and feedback of compensation policy effects,standardize the operation procedures of farmland conservation compensation policy and strengthen the regulatory functions of government departments.Based on the different policy effects on heterogeneous type farmer,local government should adjustment the disbursement form of compensation funds,concentrate its limited compensation fund,make policies more focused,improve the incentive efficiency of compensation policy.Finally,for the purpose of encouraging farmers to conserve the ecological environment of farmland,while increasing the net profit of agricultural products,local governments should committed to accelerate the process of land circulation and encourage the appropriate scale management of land.