Design And Experimental Study Of Tree Measurement And UAV Afforestation Equipment

With the development of modern forestry and the advancement and improvement of precision forestry and digital forestry,forest resources investigation,observation and afforestation have entered an information age of accurate measurement and intelligent equipment.In order to meet the needs of modern forestry development,this paper studies the technical system of digital,multi-functional and intelligent tree-measuring instruments,forest observation equipment and UAV afforestation equipment for forest survey.A complete system of forest precise management equipment has been formed,from forest investigation to scientific afforestation to precise observation and management.This paper develops and constructs the hardware system of hand-held tree height and DBH measuring equipment for forest resource investigation,and develops hand-held precision tree height measuring device and hand-held high-precision standing tree DBH measuring device respectively.Through software design,a more precise and efficient system of forest resources survey equipment has been formed by using all kinds of measuring equipment together,which realizes the accurate measurement of tree height and breast diameter in forest survey,and improves the efficiency of forest resources survey both in the field and in the field.The measurement accuracy meets the national forest resources survey standard.In this paper,three-dimensional observation equipment and methods for stand sample plots are studied.A hand-held three-dimensional photogrammetric observation equipment for stand sample plots is designed and developed.Based on the hand-held three-dimensional photogrammetric observation equipment for stand sample plots,three-dimensional observation experiments are carried out for different types of stand sample plots.In this paper,the U-type observation method,cross-U-type observation method,spiral imitation airline photography method and Archimedes spiral photography method are proposed for different types of three-dimensional photogrammetric observation of forest sample plots.Experiments show that the spiral route photography method can successfully observe more than 500m2 rectangular forest sample plots using only 171 photographs.The three-dimensional observation operation is efficient,the point cloud density is high,and there are only a few noise points in the point cloud data at DBH section.This method is not limited by the size of the observed area.Similar to aerial photography,large-scale three-dimensional observation can be made on the surface of forest sample plots.Archimedes spiral photography method has a good effect on the observation of circular sample plots.It can overcome the shelter problems of weeds,branches,leaves,trunks and so on,and has a high anti-interference ability.It is more suitable for the observation of natural forests in complex environments.At the same time,it has a higher observation effect of point cloud and less point cloud noise points.In this paper,U AV technology,mechanical technology,computer technology,electronic information technology and so on are used to develop UAV precision afforestation equipment system,and modem UAV technology is applied to forestry afforestation.The UAV airborne afforestation device developed in this paper has good afforestation speed and stability,can accurately control the spacing of seed afforestation,and has good adjustability.It can realize a variety of afforestation modes,such as single-point single-plant,single-point multiple-plant and air route continuous aforestation.Experiments show that the average absolute error of planting seeds going off course by GNSS RTK UAV positioning system is 7.6 cm,and the precision is high.The precision afforestation equipment system of UAV can be applied to various afforestation tasks.This paper aiming at the research of tree survey and afforestation equipment,this paper constructs the equipment technology system of forest resources investigation and observation and the precision afforestation equipment system of UAV,which has great practical significance for forest resources investigation,detection,management and management.The investigation and observation equipment developed in this paper can provide precise and effective data support for UAV afforestation decision-making.The instrument and equipment developed in this paper can improve the efficiency of forest resources investigation,monitoring and afforestation.The main equipment and methods developed in this paper are of great significance to improve the current level of forest resources investigation and monitoring in China,and to reduce the intensity of fieldwork and the cost of forestry production.It can meet the needs of forest resource investigation and afforestation operation with different scales,different precision and different cost budgets.It has guiding and referential significance for fast and efficient acquisition of forest resources information and accurate afforestation.