Study On The Change And Improvement Path Of Total Factor Productivity Of Beef Cattle Breeding Industry In China

The growth of beef demand in China poses a severe challenge to beef supply.With the improvement of the living standard of the residents in China,the demand for beef is increasing.The rising price of beef reflects the seriousness of the contradiction between beef supply and demand.To alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of beef,is it mainly through investing more resources to expand the number of beef cattle breeding to achieve production growth,or rely more on the promotion of total factor productivity to achieve beef production growth? The state has made it clear that the high-quality development of agriculture should be achieved through the improvement of total factor productivity.Obviously,improving total factor productivity through technological and managerial innovation is the future development mode of beef cattle industry in China.Beef cattle breeding is an important stage of the whole industry of beef cattle.Long breeding time is easy to make technological progress and management practice change,so it is an important breakthrough to improve the total factor productivity of beef cattle industry.What is the total factor productivity level of beef cattle breeding in China? Where is the source of total factor productivity growth in beef cattle farming? What are the factors that affect the growth of total factor productivity? How to improve the total factor productivity of beef cattle breeding in China? These problems are the problems that this paper tries to solve,and also the questions that must be answered to enhance the total factor productivity of beef cattle industry.In order to answer the above questions,this paper first uses the statistics of beef cattle costbenefit in the National Collection of Agricultural Products Cost-benefit Data over the past years to analyze the input-output composition and changes of beef cattle farming in China.On this basis,using the panel data of the national beef cattle breeding survey(2014-2018)accumulated by the National Beef and Yak Industry Technology System Industry Economic Research Laboratory,the source of beef cattle production growth of each main body of beef cattle breeding was estimated by using the method of stochastic frontier function analysis,and then the total factor productivity of beef cattle breeding industry in China was estimated and evaluated.Secondly,by comparing the changes of total factor productivity of different beef cattle breeding subjects,the panel data model was established to analyze the influencing factors of the changes of total factor productivity of beef cattle breeding.Thirdly,according to the total factor productivity of the main body and the internal and external conditions of each main body,the path to enhance the total factor productivity of beef cattle breeding industry in China was studied.Finally,the policy suggestions to improve the total factor productivity of beef cattle breeding industry in China were put forward.This study mainly draws the following conclusions:(1)From 2015 to 2018,the growth rates of total factor productivity of beef cattle farming were-0.28%,0.92%,1.88% and 3.41%,respectively,with an average of 0.54%,showing an upward trend of fluctuation.But there are great differences among different subjects,the minimum value is-154.35%,the maximum value is 91.18%.The average growth rate of total factor productivity in Southwest China is the highest in all regions,reaching 4.51%.Total factor productivity(TFP)of farming subjects with an average annual output of 20-99 heads was the highest,reaching 1.25%,while TFP of farming subjects with an average annual output of 1-19 heads was the lowest,reaching only-0.76%.(2)Improvement of technical efficiency is an important source of total factor productivity growth of aquaculture subjects.Technical progress has a weak effect on TFP promotion in the sample period of aquaculture subjects,but it has a gradual upward trend.Because of the violent shocks,the change of scale efficiency largely determines the growth of TFP.(3)Beef cattle breeding in China is still in a highly extensive mode.The contribution rate of factor input to output growth reaches 84.99%,while the contribution rate of total factor productivity to output growth is only 15.01% in the sample period.In terms of regional differences,TFP contributed 26.40% and 21.78% to output growth in the Northeast and Central Plains regions,respectively,while it contributed 11.64% and 8.87% to output growth in the Northwest and Nondominant regions.This is related to the concentration fattening or grazing feeding of beef cattle in different producing areas.In terms of scale difference,the contribution rate of TFP of aquaculture subjects with an average annual number of 1-19 and 20-99 in the sample period was significantly lower than that of 100-299 and 300 or more aquaculture subjects.(4)The factors affecting the change of TFP mainly include technology promotion,financial support,organizational management and personal qualities of aquaculture subjects.Among them,aquaculture subjects participate in technical training,obtain loans from formal financial institutions,join cooperatives,sign contracts with modern enterprises,and education level of aquaculture subjects can promote TFP.Aging of the whole body has an inhibitory effect on total factor productivity.(5)Based on technical training,obtaining loans from formal financial institutions and organizational management can promote the growth of total factor productivity of aquaculture subjects.This paper further analyzed the influencing factors of aquaculture subjects' participation in technical training,loan availability and organizational management,so as to identify the specific implementation path to enhance total factor productivity.The results show that: 1.whether the content of technical training matches the needs of the main body,the income of cattle,risk preference and the survival rate of beef cattle per 100 heads have a positive impact on the participation of the main body in technical training,while the age of the main body and whether village cadres have little influence on their participation in technical training.2.Family endowment characteristics and production and operation ability of aquaculture subjects have a significant impact on their credit availability.Among them,the number of household labor force is positively correlated with the availability of loans;the main source of income comes from migrant workers' income or cattle-raising income,and farmers who enjoy credit subsidy policy and purchase cattle-raising insurance are more likely to obtain loans from formal financial institutions.3.Whether the main body of farming is village cadres,years of education,scale of production,market price of beef cattle,technical services provided by cooperative organizations,and whether it can provide sales services are positively correlated with whether the main body of farming is involved in organizational management.However,the age and experience of aquaculture subjects are negatively correlated with whether the aquaculture subjects participate in organizational management.4.Summarizing the above three conclusions,the growth of total factor productivity cannot be achieved entirely by the efforts of the aquaculture subjects.The government's service rationing,subsidy policy support and the help provided by industrial organizations in technical guidance and postpartum sales play an important role in promoting total factor productivity of aquaculture subjects.This paper draws the following policy suggestions to enhance the total factor productivity of beef cattle breeding industry:(1)to guide the appropriate scale of beef cattle breeding and improve the level of beef cattle industrialization;(2)to further strengthen the popularization of advanced technology,invest more funds in technical training for agricultural producers;and optimize beef cattle breeding.Popularization methods of aquaculture technology should attach importance to the revision process of new technology by aquaculture subjects,seek technical difficulties encountered by aquaculture subjects in production and operation,and provide targeted technical training services.(3)Fourthly,financial institutions should be encouraged to reform the mortgage system of agricultural and animal husbandry loans and the credit evaluation system of enterprises,increase the loan support to agricultural and animal husbandry producers,and establish a supporting system of financial links to effectively solve the problem of asymmetric information of farming and animal husbandry borrowing.(4)Improve the organizational level of the main body of breeding,promote the effective connection between small farmers and modern agriculture;guide the main body of breeding to form cooperatives spontaneously,stimulate the internal enthusiasm of the main body of breeding;encourage the main body of breeding and modern enterprises to establish in-depth cooperative relations,emphasizing the importance of providing technical,acquisition and marketing services to the main body of beef cattle breeding.(5)Increase the investment of human capital,improve the education level of beef cattle breeding subjects,increase the subsidy of beef cattle breeding,establish a disease risk compensation mechanism,promote beef cattle breeding insurance,and ensure the income of the breeding subjects.