| With the further development of social economy and transportation technology,marine fish is being accepted by more and more consumers as a food source that can provide high protein for human beings.Under the background of continuous decline of fishing resources,marine fish culture,as an important part of marine fish supply,has developed rapidly.At present,industrial aquaculture mode and off-shore cage culture mode are both applied by China's marine fish culture industry,but their application is very limited.Thus,the majority marine fish culture activities are still in a relatively extensive traditional aquaculture development stage.In the meanwhile,due to its high dependence on natural resources and environment,it is often prone to produce industrial agglomeration,which has led to corresponding environmental problems.Under the era goal of green development,the current aquaculture modes are difficult to carry on for long term development.In order to achieve the sustainable development of the industry,it is urgently needed to carry out innovations that in line with ecological economic development to promote the green development of marine fish culture.The foundation of the innovation lies in the correct understanding and analysis of the existing problems in the existing marine fish culture industry,and the way to achieve it is to maximize resource conservation to get the green renovation.This study takes the promotion of marine fish culture's green development as an entry point,uses relevant data of China's marine fish culture's the main production areas to analyze and measure the industrial agglomeration area of the main aquaculture species and different aquaculture modes of China's marine fish culture industry.Using system dynamics analysis method to identity the main factors affecting the ecological economic performance of different marine fish culture modes,and based on the field investigation,the causes of the effects were summarized.On the basis of the above,the ecological economic performance evaluation models of marine fish culture were established,and the models were promoted in different marine fish culture mode.The ecological economic performance evaluation,which can be presented as ecological economic efficiency and ecological economic effect,was obtained based on field survey data.According to the research results,the game model has been used,with discussion which made based on the actual cases,the corresponding policy suggestions are put forward.The main research conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)Turbot,with the highest yield in industrial running water aquaculture mode,mainly agglomerated in Liaoning Province and Shandong Province,and is more outstanding in Liaoning Province.Chinese sea perch,with the highest yield in pond aquaculture mode,has formed an industrial agglomeration area in Guangdong Province.The production of large yellow croaker was the highest under the cage culture mode,and it formed an industrial agglomeration area in Fujian Province.The main production specie of the off-shore cage culture mode is Trachinotus Ovatus,which has formed industrial agglomeration areas in Hainan Province and Guangxi Province,in which Guangxi Province shows a higher degree of specialization.(2)Through causality analysis,it was found that:(1)Increase of fund support,tax reduction and exemption policies for related technical fields and related enterprises of marine fish culture industry can increase the income and future investment in this area by reducing production cost.However,the increase of production,fish medicine use,bait release,and various resource applications can increase its chemical emission.(2)Changes in the available farming area stipulated by policy can affect production income,chemical composition emissions,groundwater resources loss,land occupation area,air pollution,and the decline of regional marine resources by affecting the investment in new farm construction.(3)Increase of available farming area and financial support for the construction of sustainable marine fish culture modes' farming facilities can promote the innovation of aquaculture mode,increase production income and farming investment as well as reduce chemical emission.Based on the actual situation of aquaculture production activities,the flow of the factors affecting the ecological economic performance of the aquaculture production system in different aquaculture modes were analyzed,and it was found that:(1)Feeding is the most important factor that affects aquaculture modes' ecological economic performance.However,due to the characteristics of industrial circulating water aquaculture mode and off-shore cage culture mode,the effects caused by feeding for those two modes can even be ignored;(2)Industrial aquaculture mode's farming area is greatly influenced by land policy.Its discharge of tail water and backwash of groundwater,which is with high concentration of minerals,will cause pollution to regional water environment,to some extent.The pollution will affect regional aquaculture's food safety and products price and regional fishing resources in the next aquaculture period.(3)Pond aquaculture mode are less affected by land policy.Its aquaculture emissions will affect the quality and price of the next aquaculture period's products when the emission of eutrophication exceeds the regional environmental remediation capacity.(4)Cage culture mode's production is directly carried out in coastal environment,and the discharge of tail water will cause pollution to the regional water environment,to some extent.The pollution will affect not only the food safety and products price for the next aquaculture period,but also the regional fishing resources.(5)There are national funds support when famers building off-shore cage culture mode's construction.The applications of this mode are mainly distributed in areas that far away from shore,its environmental impact is basically negligible.(3)The evaluation results of the ecological economic performance of different marine fish culture modes are as follows:(1)53.13% of the samples of industrial running water mode shows a higher ecological economic performance comprehensive score than the average value,and the sample's scale efficiency has a greater role in promoting the ecological economic efficiency.Without considering aquaculture scale: Shandong Province 's ecological economic performance is the best among the three provinces.Although it has a poor scale efficiency,its pure technical efficiency and average comprehensive score are the highest.Liaoning Province ranks the second for ecological economic performance,and Hebei ranks the lowest in performance.Considering aquaculture scale,the overall ecological economic performance of smallscale farmers is somewhat lower than that of large-scale farmers.Although the scale efficiency of small-scale farmers is higher,their pure technical efficiency and average comprehensive ecological economic performance score are lower.(2)48.72% of the samples of pond aquaculture mode shows a higher ecological economic performance comprehensive score than the average value,and the pure technical efficiency of the sample has a greater role in promoting the ecological economic efficiency.Despite the high ecological economic efficiency of small-scale farmers,when considering the costprofit ratio and marginal contribution rate,the performance of ecological economic performance has a certain gap compared with large-scale farmers.(3)22.58% of the samples of cage culture mode shows a higher ecological economic performance comprehensive score than the average value,and the sample's scale efficiency has a greater role in promoting the ecological economic efficiency.The ecological economic performance of large-scale farmers is significantly better than that of small-scale farmers.(4)Off-shore cage culture mode not only shows the advantages over other modes in the measurement of ecological economic efficiency,but also excels in the evaluation of ecological economic performance.However,it is needs to be seen that the ecological economic efficiency of off-shore cage culture mode is affected by the high construction and operating costs,which restricted its ecological economic efficiency.Although its overall ecological economic performance is outstanding,the ecological economic efficiency still needs to be further improved.(4)From the current situation of marine fish development in China,the key to achieve the aquaculture green development is to maximize the ecological economic performance of the main marine fish culture modes.The development of running water aquaculture model is hindered by its heavy reliance on ground water and high consumption of natural resources.Most of its fish feed is fresh feed,which can not only easily lead to the destruction of ecological environment and biodiversity,but also easily affects product quality.For pond aquaculture mode,whether the tail water can be treated harmlessly so as to minimize the emission of nitrogen,phosphorus,COD and other chemical components causing eutrophication is the key.The main problems of the green development of cage culture mode are the use of fresh bait and the distribution of high-density cage in the coastal area,which not only cause the eutrophication of the coastal water and the high risk of fish disease,but also make the accumulation of the coastal sediment and harm the coastal water environment.Although off-shore cage culture mode is less harmful to the environment,the high construction cost and operating expenses of its application has limited the application and promotion of the mode.The main innovation points of this paper are:(1)The predecessors have studied the development of China's marine fishery industrial clusters,the industrial agglomeration distribution and causes of turbot aquaculture.This article creatively studies the industrial agglomeration and distribution of different marine fish species and different aquaculture modes in China,expands the research scope of marine fish culture industrial agglomeration.(2)Previous researches on marine fish farming are often carried out on a specific part of marine fish culture,which lack of integrity.Here,the intersection of ecology and economics is innovatively studied from systematic perspective,which treated each part of marine fish culture production activities as a whole.This study takes a new perspective to analysis ecological economic field,which broadens research perspective of marine fish culture economic field.(3)The previous studies on the ecological economics of marine fish culture are scarce and lack of empirical research.This paper not only expands the scope of ecological economic research in the analysis of the ecological economic performance of different marine fish culture modes in industrial agglomeration areas,but also innovatively used the empirical analysis method to carry out ecological economic research,which made a breakthrough on the basis of previous studies.Based on the research,the main countermeasures proposed in this paper are as follows:(1)For industrial aquaculture mode:(1)Strengthen the financial support and government guidance to promote industrial circulating water mode's promotion and utilization;(2)Increase the investment for scientific and technological research development for this mode to reduce the cost of building as well as using industrial circulating water mode;(3)Strengthen the research and development of compound feed to further improve the utilization rate of compound feed;(4)Lead consumers to a healthier consumption to promote the healthy development of the industry.(2)For pond aquaculture mode:(1)Strengthen the guidance of fish feed research and development as well as its application to reduce the eutrophication caused by feeding;(2)Strengthen policy guidance and financial support to promote the use of tail water treatment;(3)Improve the technique of weather observation to ensure industrial development;(4)Establish and improve the financial service system to reduce the risk of industrial operation.(3)For cage culture mode:(1)Continue to give financial support on construction of off-shore cage culture mode as well as encourage the small-scale and medium-scale farmers to join by cooperating investment mode;(2)Add formal financial services to ensure the steady development of the industry;(3)Innovate the management mode to lead the green marine fish culture mode transformation of industry;(4)Lead consumers to green consumption so that the market can be a factor to further improve the transformation from traditional aquaculture mode to ecological aquaculture mode;(5)Scientific and rational planning of off-shore cage culture areas to strengthen support for the construction of green ecological aquaculture mode;(6)Focus on developing special fishery insurance to effectively help farmers enhance their ability to resist risks. |
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