Research On Economic Vulnerability And Anti-vulnerability Strategy Of Shepherd's Household In Typical Steppe

The typical grassland herdsman economy is the most typical representative sample among many types of herdsman economy in traditional pastoral areas of China.The shepherd's household economy is the micro-foundation of the pastoral area's national economy,an inseparable economic unit in the pastoral social and economic system,and the ultimate recipient of risks and shocks.The economic vulnerability of shepherd's household shows the characteristics of potential,volatility and exposure,and causes the deviation of herdsmen's operating objectives,decision-making errors and behavior distortion.The research on the economic vulnerability plays an important role in stabilizing the basic welfare level of shepherd's household,ensuring people's livelihood and maintaining the stable and sustainable operation of the economy.Since 2013,the pastoral household economy has fallen into a period of deep adjustment caused by the sharp fall in prices of major livestock products.Under the superposition of external shocks such as policy changes,market fluctuations,low-priced imported animal products,and internal weak linkssuch as herding household structure distortion,household management disorder,and labor outflow,herding household economy has exposed a series of inevitable potential and deep-seated vulnerability problems.According to the main line of "theoretical research--investigation research--empirical research--strategy research",the research is carried forward in turn.The first stage,theoretical research.The second stage is questionnaire survey and interview.The third stage,empirical research stage.The fourth stage,anti-vulnerability strategy research.This paper makes a comprehensive study by means of literature research,field investigation,descriptive statistical analysis and quantitative analysis.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: On the first hand,in terms of the decomposition of the economic vulnerability,a three-level decomposition system was constructed to systematically decompose the economic vulnerability of shepherd's household: On the first level,in terms of the decomposition of economic vulnerability of herding households,the contribution of heterogeneous risk to economic vulnerability of herding households is the highest,and it is significantly higher than other four categories.On the second layer,in terms of risk decomposition of heterogeneity,human capital fluctuation shock has the largest impact,income fluctuation shock is the second,and asset fluctuation shock ranks the last.Decomposition of the third layer,the volatility impact,found that the proportion of animal husbandry labor contribution rate is highest,the impact factors from high to low in turn is that debt levels,animal husbandry income level,and then thegovernment subsidies,livestock asset level,the dependency ratio,the number of Labour,migrant workers or private income and mow grass market value.Second,livelihood capital of shepherd's household economic vulnerability effects,select individual point fixed effects model,on the inhibition of the livelihood assets for economic vulnerability estimation,and from the ownership,area,type of family structure,livelihood and multi-dimensional observation,the results show that economic vulnerability shepherd's household has multidimensional heterogeneity,all kinds of factors affecting the impact and influence significantly different.Thirdly,in terms of the impact of risk shock on the economic vulnerability of shepherd's household,according to the frequency and impact degree of short-term risks,the short-term shocks suffered by shepherd's household are decomposed into human capital fluctuation shock,asset fluctuation shock and income fluctuation shock.With the method of low efficiency and level of vulnerability,the objective of the decomposition of herding heterogeneity and its volatility risk is achieved.The ability of herding households to fight against risks and shocks and to curb vulnerability is generally weak.Further studies have found that the economic resilience of herding households varies significantly among different communities,groups and herding households.The risk shocks faced by herders are different in gacha(group)and between sappanwood(group).Fourth,the construction of anti-vulnerability system based on the theory of economic resilience.By measuring the economic resilience,the basic ability of herding households to deal with risks is fully grasped.Through the study of resiliencedifferentiation,accurately grasp the economic resilience level and differentiation of herding households.Then the countermeasures based on the restraining effect of livelihood capital and the aggravating effect of risk shock are put forward.Furthermore,a systematic and integrated concept of building "resilient herding households" is put forward to achieve the goal of comprehensive measures,accurate prevention and control,and effective management of economic vulnerability of herding households.Based on the tracking data of typical grassland herding households,this paper comprehensively describes the economic status and vulnerability of typical grassland herding households,and explores the internal root of economic vulnerability through three-level vulnerability decomposition.It has expanded the breadth and depth of economic research on herding households in typical grassland pastoral areas.It enhances the prospective and explanatory power of the research.Constructing economic resilience unit of herdsmen as the target of countermeasure research.Accurately diagnose,identify and screen herding households with high economic vulnerability or low economic resilience,and identify the main causes of their economic vulnerability and its generation mechanism.An anti-vulnerability strategy based on economic resilience theory is proposed.This study returns to the analysis and research of the basic attributes of the herdsmen family's livelihood unit,and further explores the deep level of livelihood vulnerability.Constructing the conceptual system of the study on the vulnerability of herdsmen's livelihood;A three-level decomposition system for the livelihood ofherdsmen has been preliminarily constructed.To study the economic vulnerability of herding households and explore the generation mechanism of family economic vulnerability can play a role of "stabilizer" in preventing or inhibiting internal and external shocks for stabilizing the level of basic household consumption and welfare and ensuring people's livelihood.