The Research On Nozick Political Ethic Theory

Robert Nozick(1938-2002),the famous political philosopher of Harvard University,is one of the most influential thinkers of western,he is a representative of the new classical liberalism,his political ethic thoughts form from the background of western market economy,and it inherited and developed the classical liberal thoughts.In 1971,A Theory of Justice is published by Rawls,and it prompts liberalism to be the center of the political philosophy,after Nozick criticized Rawls's viewpoint of justice in his political philosophy masterpiece Anarchy,State and Utopia,the relationship between freedom and equality gradually resurfaced as the theme of political philosophy.This paper analyzes and interprets Nozick's political ethic thoughts of Anarchy,State and Utopia respectively from angle of the right view,justice and national view,and makes a deeper analysis on his individual right view,justice and the smallest countries view again,and more importantly,this paper hopes to learn from Nozick's political ethic thoughts and wishes to make contributions for further understanding of how to balance individual and nation,individual rights and the power of the governmentIn order to study Nozick's Political Ethics better,the second chapter of the paper analyses social background and theoretical sources of Nozick's thought,and clearly explains his political theory masterpiece Anarchy,State and Utopia.This indicates that the birth of Nozick's liberal political ethic thoughts is not accidental.It not only examines the ethical under contemporary historical background of social and political life of the United States,but also inherits the classical liberal thoughts and makes some innovations.Anarchy,State and Utopia elaborates the occurring process of“a minimal state”as the main line.In the argumentation of the three parts,Nozick's unique insights on the rights,justice,and the theory of the state are presented.Therefore,the analysis of anarchy,State and Utopia is very significance for studying Nozick's political ethic thoughtsThe third chapter is a discussion of Nozick's theory of individual rights.Rights is the keyword to understand Nozick's thoughts,"individuals have rights" is the introductory words of Anarchy,State and Utopia,which reflects the core of Nozick's Political Ethic thoughts,that is,individual rights and freedoms.In his right liberalism,the starting point of the individual right theory is self-ownership,including the individual's right to life,liberty and property rights.Among them,ownership of property is as powerful as personal rights of individuals.With the inspiration from John Rawls' A Theory of Justice,Nozick looks individualism as a starting point and insists absolute" right earlier".He emphasizes that this individual rights are absolute,the rights of any person for any reason are not violated,and it is a measure of fundamental ethical standards of personal conduct and acts of state.The fourth chapter analyzes the theory of Nozick's eligibility to hold the core of justice.The rights of the individual are the starting point and basis of the supremacy of justice system established by Nozick.He used "hold" to take place of "distribution",and proposed "hold justice",and used three principles of "hold justice" to stipulate justice.He points that the essence of justice is inviolable rights of the individual.His conception of justice is to hold immediate utilitarian Characteristics,pattern characteristic of egalitarian critique,that the non-model of the concept of justice a historical principle Perspective.Nozick holds that justice is an important cornerstone of liberal political ethics which reflects his stance of liberal political ethics,that is' his liberalism is fully established on the basis of individual rights.It is a kind of liberalism of rights.This in turn determines what kind of distribution rights is just,that is,it determines what kind of "hold" is just.His conception of justice based on Kant's absolute command-----"Man is the goal,not just as a means ",and people freedom is this purpose.The fifth chapter is Nozick's argumentation on the "a minimal state".He inherited and developed Locke's thought.On the basis of natural state as a starting point,he forms a logical clue of a country's birth------the”state of nature-the general protection of society-the dominant protection agency-Ultra small courntry-the smallest nation".He builds his"minimal state" theory.He denied for anarchists,criticized multifunctional national,pursued utopian ideals,and adhered to the principle of the supremacy of individual rights.He explored a state model naturally generated from anarchy which doesn't infringe any right of any people.This gives the legitimacy to the existence of a country.Therefore,individual rights and freedoms are not only the starting point of all of his political ethics,but also the core of their national doctrine.The sixth chapter theme summarizes the full text content with the topic of freedom or equality.This chapter discusses the complicated relationships of freedom and equality,separately from the freedom' criticism to equality and the equality's refuting to freedom.This chapter also evaluates Nozick's concept of freedom on the basis of the principle of self-ownership,and finds the contact between the ability of individual freedom and the management of a meaningful life.In conclusion,the paper analyses and evaluates of Nozick's later thought in self-criticism,fundamentally speaking,Nozick provides a single value of political ethic thought,in his view,as long as starting from the absolute rights of individuals,can resolve the debates in the.field of political ethics.In his theory of the value of a single political ethics,Nozick pushed the concept of rights to an almost unprecedented height,although his theory has the contradiction,even is a not practicable,but in other respects,it also enriches the understanding of human social political and ethical thoughts,and urges people to pay more attention to the individual rights and freedom.The Anarchy,State and Utopia was published more than 20 years:later,people witnessed Nozick' explanation for libertarian thought,he no longer is the Nozicklism,but to admit the existence significance of many competing values.The correct and complete understanding and use of the reasonable elements in Nozick's political and ethical thoughts are beneficial to the development of human freedom and civilization.Any theory has its own explanatory power and scope,within a certain range,the theory itself has a strong explanatory power and persuasiveness,once beyond this range will encounter its own limitations and dilemmas.In the long history of human thoughts and it is impossible to find an absolutely perfect theoretical system.As for Nozick's political philosophy,it is also like this.Nozick undoubtedly is the master of thoughts of the age.He opens the door thinking for newcomers.They enlighten the newcomers by a symbol of the end of their theories.Perhaps this is a form continuation of thinkers' thoughts.Nozick starts from radical premise and gains the same radical conclusions.This one-sidedness perhaps more profound,it goes without saying,in the construction process rights theory,the Political Form of the Word is on the basis of Anarchy,State and Utopia.Nozick's theoretical difficulties and inherent paradoxes and generates the later theoretical growing point.Nozick is no longer a Nozick advocator,and he gave up his position with extreme libertarian ideas,But the original liberalism in Anarchy,State and Utopia always maintain his important position in the field of political philosophy.In fact,morality is not without weaknesses,but to see it clearly,and then suppress it.