On Mountain Agriculture Developing Of Guizhou During The Anti-Japanese War

Guizhou,with an average altitude of 1100 meters,mainly by the low mountains,valley and shallow basin;Guizhou "no three miles of flat land." mountain,mountain,Guizhou accounts for about 87%of the total area of the basin,hills account for 10%,(dam),valley terrace plain accounted for only 3%.Mountains and plains less,history grain producing areas are mainly concentrated in the flat areas better agricultural conditions,the limited area of arable land,"eight Shan Tian water a".Guizhou Plateau Vegetation and soil types,provided the conditions for the development of a variety of agricultural and forestry management,but due to the phenomenon of higher natural and man-made factors for a long time of soil and water loss,soil degradation,partial ripening degree not more common.Although since the Ming Dynasty Guizhou agriculture has got great development,mainly displays in:the improved cropping system and farming technology,the promotion of improved cattle farming,farm tools,irrigation,the introduction and promotion of new varieties of crops and other aspects,but at the end of Qing Dynasty,modern agricultural science and technology China West,to speed up the Chinese agricultural modernization pace,but in remote mountainous area in Guizhou,production tools and technology continue to maintain the status quo,agriculture in the basic stop state.Finally,the analysis of why the Guizhou agriculture will usher in the development of "golden period in the period of Anti Japanese war".One is the national government and the provincial government to consider from the view of politics,especially pay attention to the development of wartime agriculture,provides a lot of policy support,financial support and personnel support for the front of the war,two is the "Military" and immigrating population "civilian" to Guizhou agriculture has put forward the severe requirements,three is the development of the labor the mining industry’s demand for raw materials to stimulate the development of agricultural production.Establish a system of agricultural development and agricultural census.The former including making organization and agricultural policy.We can call the agricultural development top design.The latter is to master the basic situation of Guizhou mountain agriculture,of touch "family property"action,this is an important precondition for technology localization.This paper gives a brief review on special agricultural reform of personnel and its composition.The Plain Agricultural Technology "used" to the mountain of Guizhou,the process must have a"acclimatized".This needs to carry on regional test of improved seed introduction according to the results of the survey will be suitable,high yield,less seeds selected diseases.This chapter from the breeding test and insect breeding tests,grain crop economic crop damage three aspects to launch control test.We focus on how to make the selected seed to the countryside and farmers accept,this process could be called "the technology to the countryside".This mainly depends on agricultural extension personnel especially county agricultural promotion promotion personnel to complete this work.Therefore,we must first complete the promotion of training and appointing work,trying to establish a stable and efficient promotion team.Immediately after the promotion method mainly study the agricultural extension staff take.Thirdly,from the perspective of macro and micro tried to return to the scene to see the promotion of extension subject during the mentality and behavior.Thus,agricultural improvement "trilogy" have been finished,the process shows that the Guizhou traditional"experience type" agriculture began to modern "experimental" agricultural transformation.New requirements for agricultural extension is proposed based on land resource,Guizhou province to take various measures to increase the planting area and increase the yield per unit area.The promotion of ploughing is "time for space",that is,the increase of the multiple crop index,the winter of idle land to make full use of,planting of winter,such as wheat,rape etc..Land reclamation is to expand the traditional means of planting area,but has been out of the past "slash-and-burn cultivation" reclamation.The township construction is to increase the financial resources to promote Xinxian County township system as an act of purpose,generally reclamation,spring construction(Chun Geng),winter(winter ploughing)and other forms of building property.Anti waxy indica is increasing low yield crops will shed a way of high-yielding crops,mainly aims at is the minority area of Qiandongnan glutinous rice area.Although minorities eat glutinous food,but because the glutinous rice yield is low,so the government imposed by indica alternative glutinous rice,to increase the yield per unit area.In order to solve the irrigation problem,Guizhou province has carried out the construction of farmland water conservancy.There are several features of farmland water conservancy construction in this period:the first,although much more rivers,surface water,but because of Karst landform and keep water,therefore,irrigation and water conservancy facilities in most of Guizhou is built for irrigation,drainage and built because few of them;second,the dispersion of the geological conditions and the distribution of farmland in Guizhou plateau complex,Guizhou decided to build a large water conservancy facilities too much difficulty,the construction of farmland water conservancy of Guizhou it is mainly to small water conservancy projects,such as the embankment,built a weir,dig a pond,the promotion of keel car waterwheel;third,the wartime Guizhou built several large-scale water conservancy projects,Guizhou is the first use of modern engineering technology,according to scientific principles,follow the scientific program and built.Then,discuss the rural cooperative finance is provided by the Guizhou agricultural development funds to support.From the mechanism,was established from the central,province,county,township,(joint)level five financial network security,relying on the network,transport of funds for agricultural loans to farmers,for the production of utilities such as redeem,buy,buy cattle farm tools,buy seeds,to buy fertilizer etc..These low interest agricultural loans the flow of capital in rural areas,has a certain role to the simple reproduction to alleviate the Guizhou rural finance dried up,maintain agriculture,also to a certain extent,dealt a blow to usury rampant.However,the rural cooperative finance beneficiaries mostly above average families,and most in need of loans in low-income families,less or more difficult to enjoy the benefits of cooperative finance.Finally,summarize the achievement and deficiency in wartime Guizhou mountain agricultural development.Through the case and Data Description:this time Guizhou agriculture planting structure changes significantly,the agricultural development quality is greatly improved,the living conditions of farmers has improved to a certain extent.However,the leap this stride forward singing militant songs growth,is vulnerable to growth,especially as the war ended,backflow personnel,capital,technology,production of agriculture of Guizhou made major setbacks,diffculties of agricultural development of this period to rid Guizhou of rural economy did not play a fundamental role.