Research On Special Social Welfare In Qin And Han Dynasties

Special social welfare, also known as special benefits, is an exclusive concept of social security, which includes social welfare for eldly, social welfare for children, social welfare for women and social welfare for disabilities.The special social welfare system in the Qin and Han Dynasties includes rich content and unique historical connotation. Under the reign of unified countries, all the population were being taken into consideration. while the understanding of social welfare objects is systematic, different social policies are formulated for different types of population. This paper discusses the mechanism of the welfare system in Qin and Han Dynasties from three aspects. First, as a concentrated reflection of the social order, the law of Qin and Han dynasties, such as julv (??,General Principles of Criminal Law), hulv (??,household law), Fulv (??,law for labor force),cilv (??,law for bestowment) considered age, sex, and physical characteristics of the population. Second, The special social welfare system in the Qin and Han Dynasties has a regular pattern, what originated from the understanding of the order of time, especially from the text of order of month and season. Third, the patrol system and the policy of benevolence has a tradition. The patrol system of the emperor, the messenger and the local officials in the Qin and Han Dynasties, have the content of soothing the people.The subject of the paper is divided into four sub-topics, including the social welfare toward eldly,children,disablility and widow(widower).First, the social welfare of children is mainly discussed from the aspects of childbearing welfare, age threshold and the corresponding children's labors, taxes, and legal rights. The social welfare of orphans is divided into 3 kinds,people who had lost their father, the orphan of martyr, posthumous son and so on.Secondly, The reaserch on social welfare for eldly in the Qin and Han Dynasties includes jade crosier institution(????,jade croiser is a symbol of the senior person's privilege)?the law of giving food to the eldly(???)?the supporting eldly ceremony lead by the emperor(?????)?care for lonely old person and so on?Next is the reaserch on social welfare for widows and widowers. after trace its ideological origin, the definition of widowhood under the social welfare system in Qin and Han dynasties is discussed, and the social policies enabling single people to marry is also attached to the discussion.Fourthly, the handicapped who could account duties compose the duty and labor system of the country, serving the government as normal male adult, but their duties are half as heavy as the normal ones. Sometimes, emperor and local government endowed cereal on the handicapped and others who could not live on their own, but it's not an everyday benevolence, the handicapped relied on their family for living.At last,The paper discusses the limitations of the social welfare system in the Qin and Han Dynasties, especially the conception of autocracy of mercy from the emperor, and the community generally agreed that disabilities could not be the heir of a family, a person who had a different surname could not be adopted.These social perceptions constitute the dark side of the Qin and Han social welfare system.