The Study On The OV Order Means And The Utilities In Chinese

This dissertation is inspired by the following groups of interesting language phenomena:(1)shua ya ya shua(2)*xiu li qi che ren yuan qi che xiu li ren yuan(3)Mai fang zi.*Fang zi mai.Mai le fang zi.Fang zi mai le.(4)Cha ye shou gou*Cha ye shou Cha ye shou gau guo.Cha ye shou guo.Cha ye bu shou gou.Cha ye bu shou."ya shua" is a noun,"shua ya" is a verb-object phrase;"qi che xiu li ren yuan" can stand,while "xiu li qi che ren yuan" can not stand;"mai fang zi" can be a sentence,while "fang zi mai" has weak independence,usually it can not be a sentence,but "fang zi mai le" can be a sentence;"cha ye shou gou" can stand,while "cha ye shou" can not,but "cha ye shou guo" and "cha ye bu shou" can be sentences.Why is there such a difference,how can these phenomena be explained?Are there any similarities in these phenomena?Is there a common factor in the role of restraint?These are the issues to be studied in this paper.Predecessors have studied relevant phenomena from the perspective of word formation and rhythm,but these studies are not a unified interpretation of these phenomena.These explanations can not answer why "ya shua" is a noun,"shua ya" is a verb-object phrase,and why "fang zi mai" can not be a sentence,while "fang zi mai le" can be a sentence.The semantic relations in these phenomena are the same,the relationships are action and patient.Previous studies have not paid attention to the fact that these phenomena are actually implied the difference between VO word order and OV word order.In the case of the same semantic relations,why is there such a difference in the syntax?This difference exists in the vocabulary level,phrase level and syntactic level of Chinese,whether we can make a unified interpretation of these phenomena?Does Chinese still have related phenomena that has not been explained by predecessors?These are the issues to be explored in this dissertation.We believe that the Chinese word order arrangement is a breakthrough in explaining these linguistic phenomena.Data statistics show that the basic word order of Chinese is VO,OV order is non-basic order.OV order is actually an important grammatical means of Chinese,VO order and OV order show a series of relative functions in Chinese.Relative to the VO word order,OV word order can cause four kinds of utility,as shown on the right side of the table below:The four utilities of OV word order are the main contents of this dissertation.The research value of this paper is mainly reflected in two aspects:First,make a unified analysis and interpretation of the OV order phenomenon in different levels of Chinese.Second,explain the root cause of the large number of OV order phenomena in Chinese from the perspective of word order.Chinese use non-basic word order OV can express a special meaning,the OV word order has grammatical functions that are relative to the VO word order.OV order is actually a marked phenomenon in Chinese,there are some restrictions when use it.On the basis of observing and analyzing a large number of corpus,this paper uses the method of quantitative statistics and qualitative analysis to study the OV word order phenomenon in modern Chinese.This study is in the context of the word order typology,investigate the OV word order means from the different perspectives of syntactic,semantic,pragmatic,cognitive and so on.Through the study we draw the following conclusions:First,OV word order means have referentialization utility.The referentialization utility of OV word order exhibits different levels:an OV construction can be a noun referring to things in reality,thus of the strongest referentiality(such as "bing diao");an OV construction,when standing alone,can indicate either reference or property(such as "fangyan diaocha(zhe xiang gongzuo)");and an OV when used as an attributive has weaker self-sufficiency,representing property only(such as "qikan yuelan shi").The verb category of V have been weaken in referential OV constructions;when an OV is to constitute a sentence,it must repair the wear on the verb category in order to strengthen its declarative function.The OV order is mainly found in the following three syntactic environments:the sentence with auxiliary,adverbial,complement,or tense auxiliary;the parallel environment;the construction environment.Furthermore,there is a large number of OV word order in the title language.Second,OV word order means have passivization utility.Compared with VO order which always express active meaning,we found that OV order has a passive meaning.There are three different forms of passive sentences in Chinese:marked passive sentences,OV passive construction,OSV passive construction.The rationale for the existence of the three passive sentences are as follows:the passive mark has the function of distinguishing the role of the argument and the function of subjectivization;the OSV passive construction is strong in narrative property,while the OV passive construction is strong in description.The passivization utility of the OV word order is manifested in three functions:"result-realization function","function-realization function","character-realization function".Use OV word order to express passive is widespread in Sino-Tibetan languages.OV order can be used to express passive meaning with passive mark,it also can express passive meaning independently.When the dedicated passive mark is not used,SVO-type languages in Sino-Tibetan languages can use OV construction and OSV construction to express passive meaning,SOV-type languages in Sino-Tibetan languages can use OSV construction to express passive meaning.Third,OV word order means have VP component focalization utility.We discussed this utility of OV order from theory and fact.In theory,the VP component occupies the natural focus position in the sentence,and thus becomes the focus of the sentence.In terms of linguistic facts,the focus of OV order sentences are VP component,except the Quantitative Proportional Sentence with OVS word order.The sentence position of modern Chinese exhibits the feature of "loose at the beginning and tight at the last".Some sentences are forced to use the OV order,in order to put the O component in front,so that the complement component occupies the position after V,which becomes the focus of the sentence.Fourth,OV word order means have constructionalization utility.In contrast to the VO sentence,the OV sentence in Chinese has a strong tendency to be a construction.In other words,compared to VO order,OV word order is easier to form a construction.Through the study of the Zhoubian Sentence,we find that the tendency of O component in the OV order to express full amount provides the semantic basis for the Zhoubian Sentence.The meaning expression of other OV constructions is also closely related to the OV order.The four functions of OV order are referentialization,passivization,VP component focalization,and constructionalization,their highlight situation is different in different constructions.The function consistent with the meaning of the construction is usually highlighted,and the function contrary to the construction meaning is suppressed.OV order is the prominent means of Chinese grammar,and the connection and division of Chinese basic word order VO and non-basic word order OV is worthy of attention.Word order is not only a pragmatic means and discourse means of Chinese,but also a very important grammatical means.Word order means should continue to receive enough attention in the researchs on Chinese.