Research On The Neolithic Cultural Pattern In The Hengduan Mountains And Its Cultural Interaction With Surrounding Areas

As a relatively independent geographical unit,Hengduan Mountains includes the areas of Western Sichuan,East Tibet and West Yunnan.This paper making use of comprehensive analysis methods,constructs a complete temporal and spatial framework of the Hengduan Mountains from the late Paleolithic to the Neolithic Age,and divides Paleolithic cultures into 3 types and the Neolithic cultures into 4 stages.Through cultural comparison with Neolithic archaeological culture in North China,Europe,Southeast Asia and South Asia,it discusses that 3 types of Paleolithic cultures are closely related to the cultural areas of small tool culture in North China,Hoabinhian Culture in Southeast Asia and Mousterian in the West World,and the 4 stages in the Neolithic Age of Hengduan Mountains have cultural exchange with Gan-Qing area,northeast areas of South Asia,the southeast coastal area in China and Southeast Asia.On this basis,using the theory of environmental archaeology,man-land relationship,molecular genetics and linguistics,combined with case study and comprehensive analysis,this paper discusses on the formation causes of its culture pattern and interaction with adjacent cultures in the Neolithic Age,and restores the relationship between the archaeological culture and the environment,and explore on how to expand the interactive relationship of the archaeological culture.Through the construction of the process of this region and the comparison with the adjacent cultures,it found out that Hengduan Mountains have been important channels where modern humans migrated from Africa to East Asia since Upper Paleolithic.The stone industry in the Hengduan Mountains was directly or indirectly affected by small stone technology in the North China and Mousterian in the West World.and it is the birthplace of'Hoabinhian technocomplex'which has deeply influenced the Middle Stone Age of Southern China and Southeast Asia.The Neolithic Age of Hengduan Mountains can be divided into 4 stages.In the first stage,the Miaodigou type in ShaanGanNing areas has influence on northeast of Hengduan Mountains,such as lip pot,Pointed bottom bottle,double lip mouth and degraded heavy lip mouth type small mouth bottle.In the second stage,the northern area of Hengduan Mountains has been influenced by Majiayao culture,such as rolled rim basin,turtleneck pot,and jug with a long neck.Northwest area has been influenced by northwest South Asia,such as Lining patterns of broken lines,triangular and meander patterns.In the third stage,adjacent cultures has minimize impact to Hengduan Mountains,the cultural exchange within Hengduan Mountains has been strengthened.In the forth stage,the southeast coastal area especially Guangdong and Guangxi provinces have a greater impact on the Neolithic culture of in the middle reaches of the Nu River,Lancang River and the middle reaches of Jinsha River.Through grinding shoulder stone,small stone adzes,coarse corded pottery and other cultural factors,it have been found the Nu River,Lancang River Basin have a direct impact on the Neolithic culture of Northeast Asia,Indochina Burma,Western Thailand.Neolithic culture in the Hengduan Mountains appeared Miaodigou and Majiayao cultural factors are the results of the Northern humans migrated to south.During the warm period,the climate fluctuation events(cooling)cause the resource shortage,and the population competition intensifies.The cultural facts from northwest of the South Asia occurred in Hengduan Mountains are resulted in trade,in order to adapt to the plateau ecological environment which is not stable,hunting,gathering,and the exchange of goods is a necessary supplement to the agricultural economy,and irregular migration of human led to the formation of long distance trade network.The life mode of Southern Hengduan Mountains dominated by hunting and gathering,where is very similar with the Guangdong and Guangxi provinces.The lower level of productivity,agricultural economic backwardness and the thin cultural accumulation of Southern Hengduan Mountains(lower middle reaches of Nu River and Lancang River),irregular migration population leads to the cultural diffusion.