The Study On Predicate-complement Structure In San Chao Bei Meng Hui Bian

Predicate-Complement Structure is one of the very important grammar structures in Chinese.It can be regarded as the important question throughout the history of the Chinese linguistics and promote the development of the whole history of Chinese linguistics.Therefore,we treat the Predicate-Complement Structure as the main object of our research.There has been many research on this structure in the academic;however,the monographs about this structure do not exist so enough.Song Dynasty is the period when the Predicate-Complement Structure developed a lot thus it is an important meaning that gives an overall description to such a structure in Song Dynasty for us studying the development process.Therefore,we choose San Chao Bei Men Hui Bian,the famous historical material as the linguistic data to do the research.San Chao Bei Men Hui Bian is the famous historical work in annalistic style which not only kept large amount of historical truth but also stored many oral record at that time.It is quite valuable for us studying the linguistic appearance in Song Dynasty.We would give a detailed description in the San Chao Bei Men Hui Bian in these aspects:Resultative-Verb Compound(verb + resultative complement),Directional-Verb Compound(verb + directional complement),Possible-Verb Compound(verb + possible complement),Adverbial-Verb Compound(verb + adverbial complement),Situational-Verb Compound(verb + situational complement),Quantitative-Verb Compound(verb + quantitative complement)and Positional-Verb Compound(verb + positional complement).The whole thesis is divided into eight chapters.Each chapter is composed of three parts:introduction,main body and summary.Chapter one is related to Resultative-Verb Compound.The thesis starts with the basic concept of event semantics,giving a description of semantic relation of the Resultative-Verb Compound in San Chao Bei Men Hui Bian from the semantic structure,semantic feature and the type of predicate being able to get into this compound.What's more,it takes the hierarchical description of the valences in Resultative-Verb Compound and the valences of the predicate verbs in San Chao Bei Men Hui Bian on the basis of the valency theory.Then the essay concludes the types of argument integration in the Resultative-Verb Compound with the linguistic data about verb-complement structure in the work and using the Argument Integration Theory for reference.Therefore,the thesis concludes the type of valences of predicate verbs in Resultative-Verb Compound and the integral valency structure in the compound.Finally,I analyze the transitivity and the influential elements of the Resultative-Verb Compound in San Chao Bei Men Hui Bian.Chapter two is also related to Resultative-Verb Compound.The thesis discusses the relevant sentence patterns and syntactic configuration offirst.At the same time,analyzes the degree of marks in the structure and arrange these the Resultative-Verb Compound degrees of marks from the low to the high:agentive-object sentence<passive structure<disposal structure;Then inspects the syntactic properties of the Resultative-Verb Compound and also classifies it according to the syntactic properties so can reveal the relationship of syntactic properties between the overall structure and the verb in it.Finally,the thesis undertakes from the isolating Resultative-Verb Compound and these words like"huai","po","si," "chen"(Chinese phonetic alphabets)which developed into the resultative complement in their grammaticalization period in order to discuss the evolution of the Resultative-Verb Compound.Chapter three is related to Directional-Verb Compound.The thesis starts to isolate the directional complements from the corpus and understand the internal structure clearly so can draw the conclusion of three structures.In addition,it proceeds from the predicate verbs before the directional complements,the directional complements themselves and the object brought by the complements to make a description one by one.Following,the essay discusses the problem of semantic orientation that the directional verbs become the complements in San Chao Bei Men Hui Bian on the basis of semantic feature analysis.At last,the thesis analyzes the Directional-Verb Compound in the work in three aspects:the types of the Directional-Verb Compound,the categories of verbs and the situation of the objects.Chapter four is related to Possible-Verb Compound.First,the thesis divides the Possible-Verb Compound in San Chao Bei Men Hui Bian into four categories:"V+ de","V+ bu de","V+ de +C","V+ C+ bu de"(containing Chinese phonetic alphabets)from the structural style.The possible complement of the four kinds can all be seen in the context of showing the possible and are used to express the possible results in that condition.Then the essay makes the classification to the possible complements according to the function of"subjective and objective condition" in the possible complements,the valency theory,powerful-dynamic intentional graphical representation and modal semantics.Finally,it analyzes the Possible-Verb Compound from the phenomenon of dissymmetry between positive and negative which belongs to the pragmatics.Chapter five is related to Adverbial-Verb Compound.The thesis classifies the adverbial complements in San Chao Bei Men Hui Bian and discusses the questions that the degree of marks of the Adverbial-Verb Compound and the syntactic structures in the work.In addition,it analyzes the predicate verbs before the adverbial complements from the syllabic features and the transitivity of the predicate verbs,these two aspects.Finally,the thesis inspects the objects ahead of the adverbial complements in the work and analyzes the differences that the position of the objects in the Adverbial-Verb Compound of modern Chinese.Chapter six is related to Situational-Verb Compound.Firstly,the thesis classifies the categories of the Situational-Verb Compound according to whether takes the object or not.Secondly,it also classifies the categories in the aspects of semantics,semantic orientation and the function along with the direction of the semantic orientation.Thirdly,it divides the situational complements in San Chao Bei Men Hui Bian into two cases:prescriptive predicate-complement relation and accidental predicate-complement relation.At last,the thesis finds that the situational complements like "ru + X"(containing Chinese phonetic alphabet)has the function of getting natural focus in the aspect of pragmatics.Chapter seven is related to Quantitative-Verb Compound.The thesis starts from the frame and the surrounding grammatical components of quantitative complements in San Chao Bei Men Hui Bian,considering the situation of the quantitative complements themselves which contain the numeral and quantifier.The quantifier can also be divided into four categories:inconspicuous verbal quantifier,quantifier,temporal quantifier and horizontal quantifier.Then it introduces in detail about the form of the predicate in three aspects:the components of being predicate,the valency situation of the predicate verbs and semantic categories.Finally,also introduces the composition of objects from whether and where the objects exist.What's more,the whole thesis takes the metrical study as the writing method in order to make a overall and careful quantitative analysis to the Quantitative-Verb Compound in San Chao Bei Men Hui Bian.Chapter eight is related to Positional-Verb Compound.The thesis divides the Positional-Verb Compound in the work into four types:"yu + position","zai + position","zhi + position" and "dao + position"(containing Chinese phonetic alphabet)according to the prepositions' differences.Then,the thesis gives an overall description to these four categories from the aspects of semantics and grammar.In addition,the essay compares the differences of semantic feature between verbs and locative words in the Positional-Verb Compound so draws the "conclusion that the situations when verbs have character of displacement and the locative words have character of active terminal takes most.Finally,it divides the Positional-Verb Compound in San Chao Bei Men Hui Bian into two types:"predicate + object + complement" and "predicate + complement" on the basis of different constructions.