On The Time Concept In Phenomenology

The issue of time is very important for phenomenology,which means that it is often used as the horizon of appearing of things.It makes things always appear in the form of time.Time itself contains three dimensions:past,present and future.Different phenomenologists have determined from their standpoints that different time dimensions are the appearing core of things.Bergson believes that the prior dimension of the existence is the memory that means past,and the present and the future are the expansion and manifestation of memory.Husserl believes that the prior dimension for the appearance of things is the present dimension,which means the original impression.Of course,this present always appears in the whole of internal temporal awareness,which is consist in retention,original impression and pretention.Heidegger thinks that temporality is always based on the understanding of the future,and that time is also an ekstase whole of past,present and future.Merleau-Ponty's physical phenomenology also believes that time is the framing of openness to the future and the past,which regards present perception as the core.The ultimate goal of this paper is to explore within the scope of phenomenology,what kind of time dimension is the prior dimension of the appearance of things.In this study of the evolution of the temporal dimension of priority in phenomenological time theories,the horizontal position that phenomenological time has is also elaborated.At the same time,in order to explain why the phenomenological time is the original time,it is necessary to criticize and suspend the daily time and the scientific time theories.In this way,this article has three important tasks.The first is the elaboration of the theoretical connotation of time for representative phenomenologists.The second is to analyze how phenomenologists critically analyze daily time and scientific time theories when pursuing the original time.The third is to discuss why they regard a certain time dimension as the core of the manifestation,and make other time dimensions appear in the prior dimension.At the same time,it explains how the emphasis on different time dimensions has changed,and the reason for this change.The first chapter expounds Bergson's time theory with the past as the core.Shows what kind of phenomenological time embryos Bergson has:it has a manifestation structure of phenomenology,and it faces direct conscious materials,and it has made an important contribution to the transcendental temporal theory.At the same time,his theory of stretching links time with life,not only contributes to the understanding of the integrity and continuity of time,but also brings practical factors into the understanding of time.He also criticized and suspended the daily and scientific time for their spatialization.He believes that the daily spatial time is discontinuous time,and is the time of homogenization and mechanization.Both the classical physics time and the relativistic time are spatialized times.Psychology time is also a manifestation of this spatialization time.However,because its past ontology is still a kind of traditional metaphysical realism,the past is regarded as a condition of existence instead of pure appearance.Moreover,the current conditions that have emerged from the past are actually manifestations of inadequate reduction.The second chapter discusses the contribution of Husserl's time consciousness phenomenology to the theory of time.He put forward the concept of time,not only to find the basis for objective time,but also to reduce objective thinking through phenomenology.He first consciously suspended objective time and naturalized history in the theory of time.He discussed the structure with the time of retention,original impression,and pretention as the center,which laid the foundation for the rationalization of the overall structure of time.Of course,this foundation is still present,because retention and pretention are the whole horizons in the living present.Thus Husserl surpass the past ontology in Bergson's philosophy with a transcendental approach.This foundation is different from the intuition,project,and physical perception of other phenomenologists but his time phenomenology's reduction of existence and the world led to a one-sided analysis of time.At the same time,intrinsic reduction limits his knowledge of the future dimension.In other words,time consciousness is nothing but service for the essence.And retention and pretention cannot be reduced to the original impression,it is difficult to return to the time itself.This shows that in Husserl's consciousness phenomenology,the present which has the priority status cannot be used as the final horizon of appearing of things.In Chapter 3,Heidegger's theory of time will be elucidated.His temporal theory establishes the foundation of time's integrity and continuity on the basis of exist project.He establishes the integrity of time on the future,and overcomes Husserl's flaws in the face of the unpredictable future.As a whole,time is a whole sense in his theory.In distinction from daily time and scientific time,Heidegger talks in great detail about how the primordially phenomenological time became a daily time and how daily time became a scientific time.At the same time,he analyzed and criticized the representative time theory in the history of philosophy.However,he excluded consciousness analysis in the foundational ontology,but his philosophy's fuzzy presupposition of consciousness and body made it difficult to truly establish the theory of time on the non-reflective existence.At the same time,in his later time theory,there is a tension between Being and freedom,and it is difficult to finally solve the problem of unity between consciousness time and existence time.In the fourth chapter,Merleau-Ponty also suspended the naturalized time theory and the time of psychology.At the same time,he solved the problem of the unity of consciousness time and existence time,because they are unified in the body horizon.The prior time dimension has returned to the present,because the horizon of physical perception shows Being's presence in consciousness,or the unity of both.This makes up for Heidegger's neglect of the body and consciousness,and regards the future as a material horizon a priori,obeying the present physical perception.The body is also a historical cultural structure that resolves the tension between Heidegger's later existence and Da-sein.This historic theory affirms Bergson's emphasis on the past,but does not treat the past as an actual thing.From the perspective of transcendental present vision,the past is treated as something founded formally,and something has a conditional status in manifestation on the content.It affirms Husserl's transcendental present,but overcomes the problem that Husserl's present dimension does not manifest itself,because perception is a unity of thought and feeling,and it is a consciousness of one's own self and does not need to be retained.The real time here is now,and the past and the future are the transcendental horizons on the material(content).The contents of the past and the future can only be finally understood and revealed on the basis of the present.Thus he established a kind of more mature theory of phenomenological time which regards the present perception as the prior dimension.