Research On Historical Urban Geography Of Fenchang River Basin

The Fen and Su River Basin is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization,and also the main city area which formed earlier.In the historical period,the cities in the basin have undergone a long and complex change from the formation to the gradual development.This article mainly restores the different time sections of the formation and evolution of the cities in the basin in the spring and Autumn period to the Yuan Dynasty.At the same time,the center city changes reflected in the political status of the lift,this article also fouces to the change of the center city in different periods and their internal structure restoration.Generally speaking,this article is divided into five chapters.The first chapter is about the capital city and the towns of the Fen and Su River Watershed during the period of spring and autumn.Study on the capital mainly focus on the Yi(?)?Jiang(?)and Quwo.YI and Jiang is not the same,Yi could ditch Weigou-Bei Shou Cheng(??????).The seal performance of Huanshu(??)locatedin the vicinity of Wenxi,not today's Quwo,but with the continuous expansion of the small ones,the geographical scope of ancient Quwo area has gradually expanded.Since the Quwo replace the Yi,each king of Jin Dynasties burial in Quwo.Quwo is also the ancestral temple,therefore can be seen as the "sacred" is Jin;Quwo not only plays an important part in religious functions,but also control the frontier Jin Su River Basin.Xintian ruins is composed by the glyph Miyagi,four little City,religious sites,ruins and many workshops cemetery,the city layout has three main features,namely,1.the overall layout of the Miyagi"+"Guo Qu";2.obvious subarea;3.something opposite distribution pattern.The cities of Fen and Su River in the spring and Autumn Period was concentrated distribution in the downstream area of Fenhe River,Su River Basin alsoincreased,but with the expansion of the territory,in the middle reaches of the Fen River cities have gradually increased.From the cities system,after the replacement the basin gradually formed a "Jiang—Quwo" as the center of the city system,to the late rise of "Jinyang—Pingyang—Anyi" replaced Jiang and Quwo,become the new city center in the basin.The second chapter explores the number and distribution of city in the in Fen and Su River watershed from Warring States to Western Jin Dynasty.From the point of view,the number of the city had been stable at between 27 and 30;from the point of view of the regional distribution of the city,in the middle reaches of Fenhe River has been the most concentrated area of city distribution,while the lower reaches of the Fenhe River and Sushuihe watershed in the city is more scattered.The reason is related to different sub regions,geographical environment and the historical process.During this period the city concentrated distribution zone in Fen and Su River Valley,but most of them are distributed along the tributaries.The cities of the Western Han Dynasty had many functions,such as the economic management,the economic capital and the sacrificial cities.Pingyang in the Qin and Han Dynasties was only an ordinary county,but it was the Economic Center of the city in Hedong District.Pingyang became the county level city government during the Cao Wei period,so the inner basin during the Han and Jin,the basin has been a "Jinyang city-Pingyang-Anyi" as the center of the city.When the Western Han Dynasty,Pingyang had experienced rapid development,many palaces was built,but overall,the city construction was originateed from Chang'an,Luoyang and other famous citise.This is a performance which nomadic tribes influenced by the traditional culture of the Central Plains in the construction of the city's.The third chapter fouces on the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Northern Zhou Dynasty.The Northern Wei Dynasty is another important stage of city development after the Warring States period of city.Not only the city over the number of Han Jin period increased,the distribution and different sub regions within the city are different than the previous generation.The city in the lower reaches of Fen River increased most quickly than the middle reaches,then become the most concentrated area,which leads to the change of the proportion of the number between the middle and lower reaches of the Fen river.From the update mode of the city,in the lower reaches of Fen River was most new city,and in the middle reaches of Fenhe River was chosen a new address.From the geographical distribution of the city,some cities have a tendency to converge to the backbone of the Fen River.The Zhou Qi period,the number of Fen and Su basin city declined,but overall is still a continuation of the basic pattern of the Northern Wei dynasty.Overseas Chinese in the late Northern Wei Dynasty Su Fen basin emigrant county is mainly distributed in Shouyang,Fenyang in the middle reaches of the Fenhe River and Jiexiu area,which is because of the less population in these areas.Tthe government wanted to prevent the invasion of Shan Hu forces(????):and in the lower reaches of Fenhe River is mainly distributed in the Pingyang area,which is mainly due to the well natural conditions,for expatriates to resume production.The Puban(??)city become the center city of Su River after the replacment of Anyi in this period,the reason to the rising status of the city is due to the rise of Tongguan,which was formed by the interaction between the two defense system,and Anyi in Yanchi east out of the way,transport was relatively inconvenient,so the decline in the status of city.In the Northern Wei Dynasty,Puban gradually changed from military city to County town,its city function changed,and finally laid the foundation for the Tang Dynasty.The fourth chapter is focue on the Sui and Tang Dynasties.During the Sui and Tang Dynasties,the number of cities on the basis of the Northern Wei Dynasty increased and reached the peak in the Tang Dynasty.But with the increase in the number and the movement of the city,the proportion of the Western Han Dynasty in the basin decreased gradually.In the Sui and Tang Dynasties,most of the new cities were concentrated in the mountain areas on both sides of the Fen River Basin,which changed the geographical distribution in the basin to a great extent.Fen and Su basin city system has three city system with "Taiyuan-Puzhou" as the center of the county county.Taiyuan in the Tang Dynasty had expanded based on the Northern Qi Dynasty.The whole city of Taiyuan construction fortified,in addition to the three seat palace,the city also distributed many temples.The Xishan area is an important part of Taiyuan,and the construction of the grottoes,such as the Tongzi temple(???),has greatly expanded the space of the Taiyuan city.The Tang Dynasty Taiyuan development of Xishan is also reflected in the use of water on the West Jin not only drink,even the East diversion also rely on water daily.The fifth chapter on the evolution of the song and Yuan Dynasties.The basic pattern of the Tang Dynasty City in the song and Yuan Dynasties has changed little.The city is equipped with waste due to changes in the number of provincial military situation and population,are closely related to the migration and strengthen military defense or the change of the natural environment...