Special Research On Adverbs In Wei, Jin, Southern And Northern Dynasties

In the field of Chinese adverbs of Wei,Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties,many great achievements have been obtained at present.Howe'ver,the researches on manner adverbs,time adverbs and modal adverbs are far from enough,so the paper uses 11 kinds of literatures from this period as the main corpus and makes a comprehensive and systematic research on the three kinds of adverbs.This whole thesis can be divided into three parts.The main contents are as such followings:The first part focuses on the description and analysis of manner adverbs,time adverbs and modal adverbs.In the Chapter 1-2,we sum up the frequency of each adverb of the 11 kinds of literatures.On the basis of exhaustive statistics,the overall usage of each small class of adverbs has been displayed by means of various list ways.By summarizing and analyzing the data,the paper comes to conclusion that the development of the three types of adverbs in this period is greater than the inheritance.Comparing to monosyllabic adverbs,polysyllabic adverbs have made more developments and have an advantage in the quantity.The second part is the study on the comparison of adverbs used in different kinds of language materials.Firstly,we make comparisons between the adverbs used in History records and the Chinese Buddhist Scriptures.By comparing the usage of monosyllabic adverbs,polysyllabic adverbs and the main members of each small class in two kinds of materials,this article draws the following conclusions:Two materials share quite a few adverbs on one hand.On the other hand,there are many different adverbs in two kinds of documents.The proportion of use frequency of newly rising adverbs in history materials is less than that in the Chinese Buddhist Scriptures on the whole.In addition,the meanings of adverbs in the Chinese Buddhist Scriptures appear more single than that in history materials.Secondly,we compare the adverbs used in Northern scriptures and Southern materials.On the basis of the investigation and comparison,we find out that some adverbs are only used in Southern literatures,while some members only appear in Northern scriptures.Generally speaking,the adverbs only used in Southern literatures are more than the ones only appear in Northern scriptures.The third part is the study on the usage and conversion of different classes of adverbs.There are quite a few adverbs having two or more related senses in Chinese language history.Some senses belong to the same class while pertaining to different small classes,while some senses belong to different classes.The evolution path of these different usages can be repeated.Under the guidance of the theory,we summarize 14 groups of multi-functional adverbs which have similar meanings and functions during the history of Chinese and do some researches.For example,the adverbial adverbs often can be used as statistical adverbs,and the restrictive adverbs can be used as time adverbs,which express the grammatical meaning that the action has just happened.On the basis of a brief description and analysis about the development of multi-functional adverbs,we try to give explanations to the evolution through the theory concerned.First of all,different grammatical categories can be transferred from one to the other,the similarity of semantics is prerequisite,especially the quantity category,which plays an important role during the development between several different categories.Secondly,Metaphor and other cognitive factors are also important for the formation of multi-functional adverbs,which make it successful through projection from the source domain to the target domain,resulting in different categories.In addition,the analogy of synonyms is also a very important factor in this conversion.