A Research On The Social Control Of Horqin Left-wing Middle Banner During The Late Qing And Early Republic Years

This paper takes the theory of social control as the theoretical support and the social control system between the Central Government and Mongolian banner as the analytical framework.It runs through Mongolian banner's land cultivation,the immigrants' reclamation and the setting up of county government,and carries out an overall historical investigation of the social control evolution of Horqin Left-wing Middle Banner during the Late Qing and Early Republic Years,using archives and documentary records.It explores the regional features of the district's social control during the period and reveals the historical causes of the out-of-control society of Mongolian banner,and on this basis it tries to further unearth and explain the details of some significant historical events,sorting out the various complex relationships involved.The whole paper consists of the introduction,the main body and the conclusion.The introduction mainly introduces the topic,innovations and the archived historical documents mainly used for previous research overview.The main body contains the following four chapters:Titled “The Social Control of Horqin Left-wing Middle Banner during the Late Qing and Early Republic Years”,Chapter one mainly investigates and discusses the relationship between the Qing Government and Horqin Left-wing Middle Banner,Jerim League,a local administration since the establishment of Qing Dynasty.The contents related include: the Qing Government's design of political power for Horqin Left-wing Middle Banner and the religious policies the Government enforced in this district.Therefore,a social control system with political power and religion as the main body was shaped.Chapter Two is named “The social change of Horqin Left-wing Middle Banner”.Due to such reasons as the private reclamation by Mongolian princes and dukes without permission and the inflow of Han People to the newly-set prefectures and counties,the territory of the Middle banner during the Late Qing and Early Republic Years gradually narrowed and the military and political powers of Mongolian princes and dukes lost step by step.The original social control in the district was facing a huge challenge.Chapter Three is “The further territory loss of Horqin Left-wing Middle Banner”.The land cultivation during the Late Qing and Early Republic Years,which refers to the measurement and distribution of “Bairin ayushin wastelands” and “Wastelands in Henan and Hebei” as well as the private reclamation by upper-class Mongolian princes and dukes made the territory of the Middle banner further shrink.Factors including the inflow of a great number of Han People,the scattering of farming villages and the formation of cohabitation pattern of Meng and Han People prompted the society of Mongolian banner to undergo great changes.In this context,the reconstruction of grass-root social control became a historical necessity.“The New Pattern of the Social Control in Horqin Left-wing Middle Banner”,known as Chapter Four,specifically discusses the debugging and reconstruction of the grass-root political power by the Central Government in the areas in which local governments were set up,that is,the setting up of the local government of Tongliao County where effective social control was implemented.This kind of reconstruction,however,led to the further power loss of Mongolian banner and the fight for social control right between the Central Government and Mongolian banner.Ultimately,the society of Mongolian banner lost its control right.The conclusion summarizes the social control evolution of Horqin Left-wing Middle banner during the Late Qing and Early Republic Years and the evolution's several features.Innovations and limitations of this paper are also raised and the future striving direction is made clear.