Study On Immigrant Society Of Modern Mount Solon Region(1905-1931)

This paper examines the immigration society and its many aspects formed in the "border" areas between Mongolian and Solon(the dual concepts of nationality and region),nomadic and hunting,and the interlaced areas in the southern foot of the Greater Khingan Mountains in the first 30 years of the 20 th century with the initiation of unprecedented fiscal and administrative reforms by the late Qing Dynasty after the Boxer Protocol.This paper studies the area of the Mount Solon region unconcerned by the academic circle and mainly uses the file of " Administration Bureau of Mount Solon " which has also not yet been explored in the academia.During the battle between Kangxi Emperor and Galdan Boshugtu Khan,Solon Mountains had been a military stronghold and later became a part of the royal enclosure and restricted area after Galdan's defeat.It was allocated to Mongolians and Solon tribe who lived near the enclose during the period of Qianlong emperor.By the end of the Qing Dynasty,the royal enclosure was gradually abandoned,and Mongolian who lived there began hunting,lumbering and even farming in the mountains.The introduction of new policies by Qing Dynasty accelerated the inflow of immigrants.The influx of Mongolian immigrants followed by Han Chinese made the native Solon people gradually migrated northward,forming the intermingled immigrant society of Mongolians and Han Chinese.In the first chapter,we introduce the formation and general scope of the name "Solon Mountain",the formation of restricted area and the evolution of tribal boundary.Qing Dynasty rescinded prohibition on Mount Solon and started cutting trees and released mountain wasteland in 1905.The second chapter studies the embryonic form of immigrant society in this area by describing the establishment of Xiangyu Lumber Company and the release of Chool River wasteland.Through the narration of the deeds of the powerful personage-a father and a son named Fu from Kharachin Mongolian tribe in the immigrant society,this paper reveals its role in the formation of the immigrant society.The incident of "independence in eastern Mongolia" and the attack of FuShingga gang into the Solon Mountains in the early Republic of China had a great impact on the immigrant society in the region.The third chapter describes the process of Mongolians fleeing into Solon Mountain for refuge in the incident of "Independence" and Heilongjiang Province offering amnesty and administering them,and then discusses the different views of Fengtian province and Heilongjiang province and their causes and consequences over Mongolian people in the region of Solon Mountain.In particular,the revelation of the Fengtian army's looting and killing of Mongolians in the mountains can supplement the study of the "independence" incident in East Mongolia.The activities of the Fushingga gang in Solon Mountain and its later participation in the Pan-Mongol Independence brought banditry and panic to the region.The fourth chapter describes the implementation of Khingan region Reclamation Policy in Solon Mountain region,which is an important measure of new construction in Northeast China,and explains the turbulent situation after the "Mukden Incident",and the several changes of the administrative subordinate relationship and the change from Administration Bureau to County and Banner and finally the historical process of its affiliation to Khingan East Province in Daur autonomous region.The fifth chapter is the core content of this paper,many aspects of the immigrant society were examined from the perspectives of land reclamation,the establishment of the chamber of commerce,the banditry and the public security,the population and the national ralations,family and female situations.In particular,the files of the civil and criminal cases were used to examine the little-known relations between the people,the bandits and the military police in the region.The main points of this paper as follows: The Kharachin Mongolians who moved north from the southern tip of Inner Mongolia have crossed the northern part of Inner Mongolia and entered the Solon Mountains in the Butha,becoming an advance force in the region to release wasteland and kut trees;The Mount Solon region is administratively subordinate to Heilongjiang Province and is economically subject to Fengtian Province;Setting governance in the Mount Solon region was first Xuanfuju(Bureau of amnesty)then Shezhiju(preparatory agency of County),embodied the change of its main function;Immigrant was Mongolian followed by Han Chiese,male-female imbalance,instability of folk group,all reflected the features.