The Historical Study On The Three Establishments And Revocations Of The Agricultur Ebank Of China (1951-1965)

From 1949 to 1965,with the recovery of t he national economy in three ye ars,the completion of socialist transformation and the establishment of planned economic sys tem,t he Chinese financial sys tem has experienced a process from recovery,development to gradua l es tabl ishment,which is m arked by the setting and adjustm ent of financi al institutions.This process is concrete performance from diversification to simplifi cation,and finally forms the unit y.Under the above backgr ound,as the m ain component of the rural financia l sys tem,the Agri cult ural Bank of China experi enced the three establishment and revoc ati on under t he "unifi ed" financial sys tem.The Agricultural Bank of China was set up for the first time to support the agricultural recovery and the expansion of the cooperative movement.The Agri cult ural Bank of China was established for the second time t o coordinate the soci ali st transforma tion of agriculture,strengthen the support for agri cult ural credit,and combat Rural Usury at the same t ime.Gui ded by the eight character policies of "adj ustment,consolidation,enrichment and improvement",t he establishment of t he Agricul tural Ba nk of China was founded for the third time to cooperat e with the st ate to res tore the order of agricultural producti on and life,to grant z ero interest rate loans to t he poor and middl e peasa nts,to send out the funds for supporting agriculture,and to supervise the investment of the funds.But during the short peri od of fourt een yea rs from 1951 to 1965,the Agricultural Bank had experience d three periods of establishment and three revocation,and the ex pected goals were not fully realized,and a certain degree of rural financial business had been carried out to som e extent.There were many reasons for it,including the limitations of national cognition,t he cons idera tion of national overa ll planning,and the passive adaptation to the polit ical environm ent.This article sel ects the three establishments and revoca tions of the Agricul tural Bank of China from 1949 to 1965 as t he brea kthrough point,and focus the research on the influence of state will on the change of China's rural financial system,and makes a comprehensi ve analysi s of the three es tabl ishment and three revocation proce sses of the Agricultural Bank of China,and analyzes the i nheritance of the traditional fi nancial prac tice,the refere nce and im itation of t he Soviet model and the influence of t he financi al sys tem which is from diversifi cation to si mplification,and finally forms the unity on the three establishment and revocation of the Agricultural Bank of C hina.On the basis of the above,thi s arti cle studies t he relationship between the system of st ate power sys tem and the financial system,the i nfluence of the state's will and cognition on the setti ng and change of the financia l sys tem,and shows the state and appearance of the operation of China's economic mechanis m and the initialformation and development of the financial system from 1949 to 1965.It alsom shows t he demand of the country's indust rializat ion strategy with rural s ubsidy and rural support from1949 to 1965.By adopting the hi storical analys is met hod,this article has a more panora mi c and objective descri ption of t he Agricultural Ba nk of C hina's gradua l evol ution of the three es tabl ishments and revocations in the pl anned economy peri od.Such research is bas ed on archival materials and data assembler,and complemented by anthology and c hronicle,and memory information,newspapers and periodicals,monographs and papers data etc.By adopting the sys tem analys is method,this article studys the operation of the financial system from t he point of view of the sys tem,and analyzes the opera tion of financial system from t he perspect ive of s ys tem,and analyz es the decisive influence of t he emerge nce and change of the financial system on people's economic behavior and s ocial and economic activities.And by adopting t he induction and deduction method,this arti cle combs the changes in t he history of the Agr icultural Ba nk of China,and analyzes and displ ays the i ntrinsic mot ivat ion in t he process of change as far as possible,which is so as to induce and deduce some regular results.Having made a comprehe nsive survey for the constructi on,setti ng and operation of the China's rural fi nancia l instituti ons from the earl y days of the founding of the people's Republic of China to the establishment of the planned economic system,a remarka ble feature is that the will of the state plays a decisive role in the setting and direction of the organi zation.That i s to say,the st ate tri ed to provide financial services for state-owned enterpris es and large-scale economic constructi on through the overall financial sys tem,precisely through t he rural financia l sys tem.Through the control of the establishment and opera ti on of the rural financial insti tutions,the country had largely affected the development of the rural financia l sys tem and even the overall finance.So the state not only played a posit ive role in promoting and guiding,but als o seri ously i nterfered and influenced the benign and healthy development of rural fi nance in some specific periods and to a cert ain ex tent.There fore,for services to the nat ional economic recovery,land refor m movement,t he "thre e evils" and the "f ive evils",t he Korean Wa r,giving pri ority to t he development of heavy industry,diplom ati c backward socialist camp countries s uch as strategic needs,since the founding of t he PRC,t he stat e lacked the long-term plan for the construction of the rural financial system,and the establishment of the Agricultural Bank of China to solve the rural financial problems is mainly a temporary task.Once the rural financial problems have been alleviated or failed to meet the ex pected solution,the Agricultural Bank has no rea son and need for ex istence,and the adjoint is the withdrawal of the Agricultural Bank.It is possible to thi nk so that in s uch a utilitarian national strategic choice,the agricultural bank can't and was im possible t o fully play t he more effective,professi onal and long-te rm role in the development of rural finance.