| Through big data,this paper collects the life experiences of 403 theatrical performers from the pre-Qin period to Qin Dynasty,including 13 actors and actresses in ancient times before Sui and Tang Dynasties,23 during Sui,Tang and Five Dynasties,159 in Song Dynasty,76 in Yuan Dynasty,62 in Ming Dynasty,and 60 in Qing Dynasty.Through analyzing and classifying their life materials,this paper collects data about horizontal mobility and vertical mobility of these 403 actors and actresses and makes a conclusion by analyzing the data.In a more specific division of different periods,this paper organizes materials in accordance with the order of times from the period before Sui Dynasty,Sui,Tang and Five Dynasties,Song,Yuan,Ming to Qing Dynasty.Materials in each period are analyzed from different aspects,from horizontal mobility,vertical mobility and integrated mobility.Having colleced life materials of performers in all these periods,this paper concludes on the features and causes of horizontal mobility and vertical mobility of actors and actresses in a particular period on the basis of the data collected in an inductive way.Actors and actresses in ancient times before Sui and Tang Dynasties were usually regarded as the attachment of the influential officials with low horizontal mobility.Meanwhile,it also resulted in difficulties in vertical mobility,which was low as well.The mobility of theatrical performers in the period of Sui,Tang and Five Dynasties was significantly higher than that of those in other periods in both horizontal and vertical mobility,ranking the second following the Later Qing Dynasty.They were in a period in which Chinese theatre was in nonlinear transition evolution.For the sake of complicated causes,the integrated mobility of various performers in Song Dynasty was evidently lower than that of those in the former period.Their horizontal mobility was influenced severely by political factors and performers’ willingness to move to upper class could be found only in literary works.The mobility of brothel singers in Qing Dynasty was in overall steady recovery.Their horizontal mobility was mostly caused by financial factors and their vertical mobility was mostly realized through marriage.In Ming Dynasty the mobility of performers was more active and in more various ways.The number of those who realized both horizontal and vertical mobility increased rapidly.Their horizontal mobility was caused mostly by financial causes or joining in family troupe.The causes of vertical mobility were diversified as well.Performers realizing vertical mobility held a high proportion.There were so many famous actors and actresses in Qing Dynasty that it was impossibility for the writer to list them one by one.For this sake,this paper selected the representatives of Laosheng and Xiaosheng two roles in Beijing Opera as research objectives.The mobility of famous actors and actresses in Qing Dynasty was far more active that of all those in other periods.They shared a large amount of similarity with modern Beijing drifters.The causes of their horizontal and vertical mobility featured with complexity and diversify.An actor or actress could realize mobility for various causes.With the conduction of theresearch,the writer figures out that the overall correlation coefficient of the horizontal and vertical mobility of China’s actors and actresses from pre-Qin to Qing Dynasty was 0.54,medium correlation.To be precise,the correlation of Sui,Tang and the Five Dynasties,Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty is medium correlation,while the correlation of Song and Yuan Dynasties is weak correlation.In history,political factor is the most influential factor resulting in vertical mobility of actors and actresses.In general,the mobility of performers is in accordance with the inner evolution rules of Chinese theatre,that is,the increasing complexity and diversity of theater force performers to conduct mobility. |
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