Central Power And Regional Groups

Since Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty ascended the throne,he has basically established a three-dimensional defense system at the border of Tang Dynasty through a series of foreign wars.However,since the beginning of the period of Tang Gaozong,the performance of the Tang Dynasty in foreign wars began to decline.After the period of Emperor Gaozong,the political situation of Tang Dynasty was plunged into long-term chaos,and the frontier defense of both east and west began to collapse.Facing the deteriorating border defense,Tang Dynasty rulers also began to find a solution.In the second year of Jing Yun period(711),Emperor Ruizong appointed Heba Yansi as the military commission of the Hexi region to protect the western border.From then on,the history of military commission to the town began.Since Emperor Xuanzong acceded to the throne,the military commission system has achieved great development.By the early years of the period of Tianbao,the situation at the edge of nine towns had already been fonned.With the expansion of the border wars,the western regional groups centered on Hexi Town and Longyou Town,as well as the eastern regional groups centered on Fanyang Town and Lulong Town.They began to emerge and fought for the Shuofang and Hedong Town.In the end,An Lushan,the representative figure of the eastern military region,obtained Hedong Town and the Tongluo Army in Shuofang Town.He owned the largest town with the highest strength,and from then on he had the strength to launch a rebellion.In order to win the particularly favor and trust of Emperor Xuanzong,An Lushan had extremely bad relations with the crown prince,prime minister and the western generals.As Emperor Xuanzong wassnile,An Lushan became more and more worried about his own situation after the emperor's death,thus having the motive to launch a rebellion.The first chapter of this article mainly introduces the background of the start of military commission.The Emperor Taizong destroyed the eastern Tujue and basically stabilized the eastern border.Through a series of wars in the west,he basically established a three-dimensional defense system to the south of Tianshan Mountain.During the reign of Emperor Gaozong,the elimination of Koguryo in the east and western Tujue in the west showed a strong military strength on the surface.However,the border control in the period of Emperor Gaozong had declined.He voluntarily gave up four towns of Anxi,which was the helpless choice under the decline of military strength.During the periods of Emperors Wu Zhao,Zhongzong and Ruizong,although there were occasional victories,the border was already unstable.Under such circumstances,it is the only choice to use professional soldiers to guard the border for a long time.The second chapter organizes the process of the reform of the military system and the establishment of 9 military commissions in the period of Kaiyuan through the border situation of the Emperor Xuanzong.In the period of Emperor Xuanzong,the greatest threats came from Tubo,Tujue.Tuqishi and the northern and eastern states.For this reason,Emperor Xuanzong took two measures,namely,reforming the military system and setting up military commission.In addition,there were basically two towns of equal strength in each direction to restrict each other so as to prevent the expansion of local power.However,in the actual war,exchanges between towns are very frequent and the formation of regional groups is inevitable.The third chapter mainly analyzes the changes of Emperor Xuanzong's policies during the period of Kaitian from the changes of prime minister in central government.Since Emperor Xuanzong acceded to the throne,the principle of prime minister's appointment is to serve for a short period of time and separated principal and auxiliary prime ministers.However,the principal and auxiliary prime ministers have not been clear after Minister Zhangyue.In order to compete for the principal minister,the relationship between the prime ministers has not been harmonious for a long time.This kind of situation is the measure taken by Emperor Xuanzong to prevent the appearance of a powerful prime minister,however,a long-term discord between principal and auxiliary prime ministers has also caused Emperor Xuanzong to be very vexed,and he voluntarily abandoned this measure.After that,Li Linfu and Yang Guozhong stayed in the same position for a long time,which is the result of this kind of policy.The performance of Emperor Xuanzong's lazy administration in the central government is to delegate power to the prime minister,while that in the local government is to delegate power to military commissions.The fourth chapter looks at the rise of non-Han nationality military commissions during the period of Tianbao from the perspective of Emperor Xuanzong's employment.Orgnazing through the successive military commissions of various towns during the period of Kaitian,we can see that during the period of Kaiyuan military commissions were transferred very frequently and their tenure in a town will basically not exceed four years,and only non-Han nationality general An Jingzhong will have served as the military commission for a short time.By the time of Tianbao,the proportion of long-term service of military commissions' was greatly increased.Twelve of the twenty-one military commissions had served in a town for more than four years,and the five non-Han nationality generals who had served as military commissions during the period of Tianbao all had served for more than four years.Starting from the six years of Tianbao,the non-Han nationality generals have risen in an all-round way.The fifth chapter mainly analyzes the formation of the eastern and western regional groups and their competition for Shuofang and Hedong with the border wars.The frequent and expanding border wars have resulted in military commissions' administration,and the Emperor Xuanzaong's lazy administration has resulted in the long-term appointment of military commissions.The eastern and western borders with the largest number of wars naturally formed two major regional groups.With the improvement of the border situation,Shuofang town and Hedong town,which were originally located in the front line,have also become buffer regions in the mainland and have become the targets for the two major regional groups in the east and west.The final result was that the eastern regional group got Hedong town,while Shuofang town was independent from the western regional group.Thus,the eastern regional group overtook the western regional group and became the most powerful military group in the Tang Dynasty.The sixth chapter mainly analyzes the reason why Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty favored An Lushan.There are mainly three points.Firstly,An Lushan is a valiant general,although there are few records of history,it can still be seen from the traces that An Lushan is not fortunate to be a military commission to Youzhou.Secondly,An Lushan and Emperor Tang Xuanzong share common musical interests.As we all know,Emperor Xuanzong not only has a fervent love for music,but also has extremely high attainments,and An Lushan also has the same hobby.Thirdly,An Lushan has no influence in the central government,and he has almost no ties with all powers especially the crown prince except for the Emperor Xuanzong.This is what Emperor Xuanzong hopes to see.But that is why An Lushan eventually rebelled.In short,the lazy administration in the late period of Emperor Xuanzong resulted in the appearance of a powerful prime minister in the central government and the formation of the eastern and western regional groups in the local government.After several battles between the eastern and western regional groups,it have finally confirmed the dominant position of the eastern regional groups.An Lushan,the representative figure of the eastern regional group,was a rising upstart in the late period of Kaiyuan.He had no influence in the central government and only relied on Emperor Xuanzong.An Lushan was in conflict with the crown prince,prime minister and the western border.Generals and soldiers.That's the reason why he had the idea of rebellion.The dominant position of the eastern regional group has given him the strength of the insurgency,which makes An Lushan's insurgency inevitable.In the final analysis,the rebellion in An Lushan is the result of the power imbalance between the central power of Emperor Xuanzong and the evolution of regional groups.