Tang Hebei Rival Principalities Sogdian Descendants Finished

Among the Han and Tang Dynasties, due to the business and the war,a large number of Sogdian moved to the Central Plains,where many settlements were formed. The Tang Dynasty military governor (usu. in control of outlying prefectures) of Hebei is one of them. As early as An Lushan armed rebellion happened, Yingzhou areas, the north of Hebei, has become the settlements of the Sogdian's descendants.After An Lushan armed rebellion, for settlements being broken, some offspring of the "Hu" went to the south to earn a living, covering all of the Hebei.So the coexistence pattern of the generation of Sogdian and Han nationality came into being. The change of living environment made these people alter the original way of life to adapt to the new living atmosphere, which is their "chinesization" of the process. In this process, What ever happened to the descendants and how they melt into the Han ethnic society step by step? This paper is mainly to solve these problems.Based on this point, the author particularly selected epitaphs of nine Sogdian's descendants who once were officials or lived in this area. On the basis of the concrete analysis of the epitaphs, it focused on their way of life and the transformation process of the thinking consciousness, having a better understanding on foreign factors of Han-culture and ethnic composition, migration and integration of Hebei region in the Tang dynasty.The whole text is divided into two chapters. The first part is "case study", laying great emphasis on analysis of epitaphs; the second part is "chinesization research", centering the exposition of "chinesization" and the performance of the chinesization, the understanding of development level of the Sogdian's descendants.The first part:"case study". This part focused on several epitaphs of Sogdian's descendants in Hebei area in the Tang Dynasty. Based on the existing research in academia, it is a supplement to a few questions,such as The epitaph owner's nationality-belonging, family lineage, migratory pathway and life experience etc. This part is divided into three sections. From north to south in Fanzhen, within each FanZhen it was arranged according to the master's being buried in chronological order. Prominent feature:To improve the Kang Zhida family genealogy list. The information on the epitaph of Shi Mochuo revealed that the writer of epitaph was not familiar with the epitaph owner. So some information,such as the origin of surname retroactively, could only be subjected to the reflection of the general idea at that time, not representing the will of the master during his lifetime. Because Cao Runguo participated in An Lushan armed rebellion and the opening sentence of his epitaph had a strong feeling of Zoroastrianism, the author considered Cao as a believer. Shi Shenfu's county,"Jin Gu county", educational circles most believed it Jin city, that is Lanzhou city. The author consulted the relevant surnames materials, seeing Jin Gu as East capital Luoyang, that is Henan which was mentioned in Yuanhe Xing Zuan(《元和姓纂》). The epitaph of Cao Hongli was seriously damaged. After the author speculated the key words, the author regarded Cao's official route as Chengde,Yiwu(Yizhou)-Zhenwu(Linzhou)-Hedong(Yunzhou)-Chengde(Zhaozhou).About The epitaph of Shi Xiaozhang, the author thought the time when Shi family moved to Hebei was in the22year of Kaiyuan reign(734) and the time when they came to Weibo was in the16year of Zhenyuan reign(800)."Three rivers" in The epitaph of Mi Wenbian means three rivers of Central Asia:Yaxartes,Oxus and Namik.That is Mi Kingdom in Central Asia, not Sanshui county in Central Plain.When He Hongjing died, his firstborn, He Quangao was27years old. It was speculated that his growing and dying time was from in the5year of Kaicheng reign(840) in Wenzong (the emperor of Tang Dynasty) to in the11year of Xiantong reign(870) in Yizong (the emperor of Tang Dynasty).And he died at the age of31.The second part is "Chinesization Research". This part analyzed chinesization condition of Sogdian's descendants of Heshuo, mainly on the basis of "case study". All made up into three chapter. Respectively explaining the "chinesization", the time route that the Sogdian's descendants entered into Hebei and the representation of the chinesization of the Sogdian's descendants. The author thought that the "chinesization" came up during the process that other nationalities and the Han nationality's contact. Its performance can be divided into deep and shallow. For Sogdian, it was the passive "chinesization" that they chose what kind of way of life, how to survive in the new environment and brought the child. After summarizing the performance of the chinesization of later generations, the author considered that the chinesization of Sogdian's descendants in Hebei region was slower than other direct jurisdiction of the Tang Dynasty because of the special geographical position and the political environment. And the general tendency of integrating into Han nationality society is constant.At the same time, owing to the restriction of the materials, the content of nine epitaphs could not fully reflect the real condition of the whole Hebei region in the Tang Dynasty, only to interpret from the point of view of the case. The case of the "chinesization" was able to be compared to show the differences between the Sogdian's descendants in Hebei region and other descendants of the direct jurisdiction of the Tang Dynasty. But the differences of the development among Hebei internal, so far, couldn't be fully explained. With the increasing of the materials in the future, this aspect may have more clear ideas.Finally, with Basic Information Table of the owner of Epitaphs Sogdian's Descendants in the Hebei in the Tang Dynasty,the rubbing photos of nine epitaphs and the script and its proofreading record which the author input according to the rubbing. Through the summary and the proofreading,we have the better reference for the future epitaphs research.