Research On The Theory Of Lukacs' Reification

George Lukacs,the founder and founder of the western Marx school,a famous thinker and philosopher,is also the most influential and controversial Marx theorist in contemporary theorists.His treatise on history and class consciousness opened the critique of the western Marx doctrine on ideology and ontology,and had a great influence on the rational criticism of the Frankfurt School of later generations and even the whole academic world.In Marx's 1844 Economics and Philosophy Manuscript,"alienation" was formally met with the world,and before it came out,Lukacs read "Das Kapital" and other Marx's works to see the lack of reification and class meaning in capitalist society,and to integrate its ideas into the world.In the writing of history and class consciousness.In the history of the development of Marx's doctrine,the status of history and class consciousness can not be underestimated.The core views of "reification","class consciousness" and "social ontology" have opened a new research field for the western Marx doctrine.The proposal of "reification" lays a solid theoretical basis for Lukacs to criticize the essence behind the production of industrialization and mechanization in capitalist society.The reification of the social structure has led to the separation of the original world from the dualized appearance world,while Lukacs believes that the unity of the two parties lies in the historical overall dialectics.In the process of participating and promoting the progress of social history,the proletariat has only formed a class consciousness with the general dialectics,so as to realize its liberation to itself and the whole of mankind.Therefore,it is not difficult to find its universal feelings of human liberation through the materialized ideology constructed by Lukacs "history and class consciousness".In the suspension of social ontology,he focuses on history and generates the basic content of the pursuit of human nature,looking at the existence and liberation of human beings,and in historical dialectics.He pointed out the holistic appeal of the people,respected the people's domination of the society and promoted the history.In the general epistemology,he emphasized the dialectical unity of the overall nature of the main and the objects.The other dimension of history and class consciousness is intended to reconstruct the Marx doctrine in the sound of qualitative doubt,to promote the rise and development of the Marx doctrine in the low tide of the international communist movement,to the orthodox Marx doctrine,and to reaffirm the "thing of freedom" and "the two back" of the orthodox Marx doctrine to the bourgeoisie.The elimination effect of "anti",awakening the consciousness of the proletariat's subjectivity,entirety and history,and regaining the revolutionary force and fighting power weakened by the bourgeoisie.In the process of re interpretation of Marx doctrine,Lukacs not only simply showed his understanding of Marx's doctrine,but also criticized the metaphysical fossilization of Marx doctrine in the "orthodox Marx doctrine",and studied the later Frankfurt school and even the whole western Marx school.The study of Marx's doctrine inspired vitality.Therefore,the study of reification thought is not only the key to understanding Lukacs thought,but also an important coordinate for the exploration of Marx's specific historical period.The main body of the thesis is divided into six chapters:The first chapter,the introduction.As an important component of Marx's political and economic philosophy,Lukacs' s materialized thought also has the specific and historical characteristics of the Marx theory,which should be developed and enriched with the times.This thesis mainly explores the formation of Lukacs' thought of reification by reading the book of "history and class consciousness" of young Lukacs.On this basis,it extensively consults the related works of Lukacs' s materialized thought,as well as Marx's theory of alienation and the technology of Western Marx scholars.According to the relevant article of rational criticism,in view of the current research status at home and abroad,standing on the theoretical standpoint of Marx doctrine,taking the way of comparative analysis,history and logic unification,local perspective and theory extension,the logic suspension,inquiry method,theoretical framework,ideological limitation and theoretical reality of the thought of reification are combed significance.The second part mainly explains the background of Lukacs' Reification thought.First,it expounds the background of the formation of Lukacs' s reification thought,the crisis brought by the second international bankruptcy to Marx doctrine,the victory of the October revolution,the failure of the proletarian revolution in European countries,the mechanization of the manual labor,the relations of production and the class relations.The transition from "Taylor system" and "Ford system" to capitalism characterized by free competition is to capitalism characterized by monopoly.The development of these historical times has aroused the attention of Lukacs.In the exploration of the reasons for the positivism of Marx's doctrine,it rethinks the process of the development of capitalism and seeks the way out of the proletarian revolution.Second,the theorists in the second world are also facing the hard and difficult problem of positivism of Marx.They should not only deal with the theoretical attacks from the positivism,but also adhere to the "orthodox Marx doctrine".Therefore,the second international theorists also send their voices at the same time to find a new way for the revolution.It makes a theoretical interpretation of Marx's theory and makes different guidance on the proletarian revolution,thus forming the three factions of the right,the left and the middle.Third,the formation of Lukacs' s thought of reification is not only the product of Marx's thought,but also the thoughts of the western philosophers such as Hagel and Webb,and the basis of his thinking orientation is the strong academic background of the theory of reification.The third part discusses the logical premise of Lukacs' Reification thought.In the process of penetrating and criticizing capitalist society,Lukacs formed the logical structure of reification,which contained the philosophical dimension of rationality and history.In terms of rationality,reification thought combines the criticism of commodity fetishism in capital and Marx Webb's rationalization thought.The dominance of market and the universality of form rationalization are the embodiment of identity in different aspects.For the "materiality" in reification,it is not only a matter of participation in the commodity exchange relationship of the market system,but also a dimension of formal rationality.Form rationalization and subjective attitude interact with each other,and reification is the materialized structure.At the same time,there are similar structures of consciousness in the national,political,economic and legal aspects,but the logical structure of this reification has its own limitations: the contradiction between the content sensibility and the formal rationality,the general sensibility and the partial rationalization.The critique of form rationalization is based on dialectical and concrete general rationality.From the historical point of view,reification wants to achieve the internal transcendence of historical dialectics,and the unifying proletariat,as the object of history and the subject,has the ability to realize the internal transcendence of the materialized structure.That is to say,the production of reification is caused by history.In the process of the development of capitalist society,the labor force is sold to the capitalists in the form of commodity,and the reification constitutes the common way and fate of the human being;and,even in the existence of objectivity,between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat,it is in the form of objectivity.There is also a difference between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.The proletariat does not simply appear in the materialized structure,but in the decisive force of reification.The proletariat plays a role from quantitative change to qualitative change in the process of production creation,realizing that it is not only the difference in the amount of exploitation produced by the accumulation of labor time,but also the exploitation of the perceptual life of the laborers,so the awakening of the self consciousness of the goods is created.This kind of proletarian class consciousness lies in the practice.In the process of its formation and evolution,the operation system of the object is continuously reduced to the human body power,the relationship between the objects of the society is gradually transformed into the human relationship,and the history of the nature of the human nature has been constantly generated.The fourth part reveals the overall context of Lukacs' Reification thought.First of all,we define the concept of reification as defined by Lukacs' Reification thought.(1)by reading "Das Kapital" and other Marx works,Lukacs gave a gifted insight into the phenomenon of reification and the lack of class consciousness in capitalist society,and put forward the concept of reification.(2)Lukacs focuses on the critique of Marx's criticism in the criticism of reification,and believes that commodity fetishism can not fully express alienation.We should take the most direct reification as the starting point and criticize alienated labor with philosophical rational thinking.(3)Lukacs formed reification thought in the process of reading Das Kapital,and put forward the universalization of capitalist society.Moreover,it extends the critical perspective to the reification of the bourgeois state and bureaucracy.Secondly,through the explanation of the reification phenomenon in the field of production,politics and ideology,the manifestation of materialized thinking is presented.Thirdly,with the objectification of social system,the existence of physical property of social subjects,and the materialized consciousness enslaved the hearts of the people,the evolution path of reification thought is revealed.Finally,the ultimate means to solve the phenomenon of reification by Lukacs' s materialized thought,namely,through the dialectics of class consciousness,the intermediary of theory and practice,the spontaneous criticism and the leadership of the collective will of the Communists,to discard and eliminate the reification.The fifth part discusses the theoretical influence of Lukacs' s Reification Theory on the reification of Frankfurt school.The essence of Lukacs' s reification thought was attributed to the criticism of technical rationality.Its "reification" thought,with technical rationality as the carrier,extended to the criticism of the capitalist ideology,and had a profound influence on the later Frankfurt school and even the western Marx's criticism of the technical rationality and the criticism of the mass culture.From the perspective of rational criticism,the Frankfurt school inherited and developed reification thought.Hawke Heimo and Adorno believe that criticism of reification should be concentrated on the criticism of rational power,and the control of universal power will directly lead to reification,and the mission of materialized dialectics is to eliminate the reification of rational power.While criticizing Hawke Heimo and Adorno's Enlightenment rationalism,Habermas criticized the Enlightenment rationality as instrumental rationality.And from the communicative rationality to reconstruct the normative basis of materialized criticism,we analyze the process of capitalist rationalization from two aspects of life world and system.The rationalization of the living world has made the economic and administrative systems differentiated and formed,but the system is too large.Its regulatory mechanism affects the world of human life and affects the communication behavior of the living world,and reification is the colonization of life world.He reiterated the concept of reification,pointing out that reification is not a reduction in communicative competence,but a constraint on human essential identities.The bondage of this reification is not only hidden in the world of life,but also in the economic and political system.Finally,he puts forward the criticism of the reification of the reconstruction of theory.The sixth part discusses the heterogeneity of Lukacs' Reification thought and Marx's alienation thought and the enrichment and development of Marx's alienation view.Lukacs' s thought of reification disagrees with Marx's Alienation Thought on the concept of reification,the source of creation and the path of reification and abandonment.He and Marx's alienation thought are the focus of the academic research and the western Mark on the theory of Marx's alienation.The "reification" of Lukacs' s critique of "reification" is traced to Marx's critical study of commodity fetishism.His criticism of the particularity of "reification" is shown on the following aspects: on the one hand,the conclusion of social ontology is discussed,and the critical field of view concentrates on "history".But the essence of it is the ontology of Hagel idealism;on the other hand,Lukacs extends the critical horizon to the realm of consciousness,which lays a foundation for the subsequent criticism of technical rationality and popular culture in Frankfurt.In this regard,Lukacs' s materialized thought enriched and developed the theory of alienation of Marx doctrine with its keen insight and unique ideological dimension,which provided some theoretical guidance for the rapid,scientific and comprehensive development of Chinese society.