Education System And National Transformation—Research On The "Frontier Education" Policy And Practice Of The Ministry Of Education Of Nanjing National Government (1927-1949)

During the period of Nanjing National Government(1927-1949),there were serious frontier and national crises.Especially after The September 18th incident,saving the nation from extinction became the main theme of the times,and the frontier area became the last "lifeline" to save the the nation.In this case,the Nanjing National Government issued policies such as"Developing Frontier","Building Northwest" and "Frontier Education".The implementation of new-style education strongly promoted the modernization of frontier areas.In this paper,by summarizing the experience and lessons of Nanjing National Government frontier education,the author reveals the process of the transformation of frontier people's recognition of the Chinese nation as a modern country.Apart from the introduction,the full text was divided into five parts,the main contents are as follows:The first part discusses the creation of the Mongolian-Tibetan Education Department.Because of the national crisis,the Nanjing National Government,based on the strategic consideration of consolidating the rear area through education,actively developed frontier education,so the Mongolian-Tibetan Education Department was set up.The political system of "governing the country by the Party "of the Nanjing National Government and the the previous meetings resolution about the border education became the political basis for the formulation of the border education policy.The Ministry of Mongolia and Tibet Education has formulated relevant policies and plans during the process of improving its institutional settings and functions,the relevant institutions of Nanjing National Government has also participated in it.The publication of the Outline for the Implementation of Frontier Youth Education reversed the self-governing situation in frontier area.Frontier education has been further developed under the supervision of the Mongolian-Tibetan Education Department.The second part discusses the formulation and practice of educational policy in frontier areas.After the the Mongolian-Tibetan bill was passed,the Nanjing National Government formulated a series of Mongolian-Tibetan education policies and regulations,inspected them through practice and adjusted the relationship between the central and local governments.The Nanjing National Government did not stop the implementation of frontier education because of the War of Resistance Against Japan.They practiced the frontier education under extremely difficult conditions and constantly revised the system to promote the development of frontier education.The third part deals with the Ministry frontier education.The establishing of the National Suiyuan Mengqi Normal School marked the beginning of frontier education.The elementary education,secondary education,higher education and social education was runed by the Ministry.The frontier areas developed through the demonstration role of the central school and the actual effect of the frontier education system.The fourth part discusses the decline of frontier education.After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan,the Nanjing National Government overcame the problems in the process of promoting education in the border areas in the past,revised the education policy in the border areas,and adjusted the relevant measures in order to adapt to the situation in the border areas and seek development.At the same time,the Nanjing National Government also actively promoted the demobilization of education in the border areas,which was finally in a turbulent situation due to the shortage of funds.Therefore,these adjustments had little effect,and the decline of frontier education was inevitable.In the fifth part,the Nanjing National Government aimed to develop the country by frontier education.By promoting frontier education,raising the cultural level of the people in the border areas,and promoting the society modernization in the border areas,the Nanjing National Government consolidated the ruling in border areas.People in the border areasand gradually formed the national consciousness and national identity,so as to fulfill the construction of the national state.In short,this article intends to clarify the frontier education policy and practice by reconstructing of Nanjing national government frontier education history,so as to provide useful historical reference for the ethnic education reform and development in present day.