The Transition Of The Literature Map's Layout In Jin-Dynasty And Its Significance Of Chinese Literary History

The immigration across the Yangtze River between the transition period from the western-Jin to eastern-Jin Dynasty,was the first large-scale emigration from north to south in Chinese history.In the meantime,it was also an important period for the development of Chinese literature.In the past,the researches on Jin Dynasty paid more attention to the dimension of Time than the perspective of Space.Therefore,by carefully researching the moving trace of the literati in the Jin Dynasty,the dissertation examines the dissolution and relocation of the major literary centers,to reconstruct the whole literary map during the 145 years of the Jin Dynasty.In the end,we explored the inner logic of its evolution and the significance of literary history.Through the "Jin Shu","Poetry Anthology of Jin","Prose Collection of Jin","Shi Shuo Xin Yu","China Digital Library of local chronicles" and other documents or databases,this dissertation firstly collects the detailed data about all the literati of Jin,such as native places,living areas,intergenerational attributes,friends and family relations,literature works,other talents than the literary,etc;Secondly using the literary migration trajectory,the gathering and interaction of the five major literary centers as the main logical line,with the "North-South Difference and Integration" from the external perspective of the Eastern-Jin Dynasty and the "West-East interaction" in the Eastern-Jin Dynasty as the logical hidden line,to examine the evolution of the literary map of the two Jin Dynasty;Lastly focusing on the integration of the dual literary axes in these two directions and their further influences.The main innovations of this dissertation are listed as follows:getting more acturate and complete static of two Jin ' s literati,such as dynamic migration trajectory and main literary creation of literati;establishing the five literary centers of Luoyang,Jiankang,Huiji,Jiangling and Xunyang which were successively produced in the two Jin Dynasty;Analysising the formation and influence of thenorth-south literary axis and the east-west literary axis,especially focus on the JiangLing Literature Center and the East-West "Literature Corridor" of the Eastern-Jin Dynasty;Focusing the internal structure and evolutionary logic of the literary map of the two Jin dynasties and its significance in the history of literature,in particular,the two prototype spaces created by KuaiJi in "Shanshui Literature" and "XunYang" in "Pastoral Literature".The Literature Center of whole Western-Jin Dynasty was LuoYang,it gathered the natives in the Central Plains and the southern civilians from their demise kingdoms called Wu and Shu.The later's identity of the descendants of South was neglected in LuoYang.Back then,the composition of the "24 Friends of the important literary group" was also dominated by the North literati.The literature theme of LuoYang was "Worries",the style of writing is magnificent and the form is exquisite.However,the reflection on human individual's life was also unprecedented and profound.The depth of philosophical thinking and the complexity of artistic techniques,they paved the way for the development of JianKang literature after the YongJia immigration.In the early time of Eastern-Jin Dynasty,the formation of JianKang Literary Center promoted the integration of the Southern and Northern literati.However,the differences between the South and the North scholars were not as significant as expected.Because of the eight main native families in the south,whose ancestors mostly fled to the south during the late Eastern-Han Dynasty except for the Gu family.Therefore,the culture inheritance in these families was originally from the Central Plains in the north.In addition,they themslves previously experienced official career in LuoYang,so their northernization had already existed for a long time.However,the phenomenon of north literati's Southernization was very prominent at that time.All of them had changed their identities and their attitudes toward absorption of the local southern culture varied from generation to generation.JianKang made "praise" as its literature theme,and focused on the praise of the rejuvenation of the regime called Eastern-Jin Dynasty.As to the middle of Eastern-Jin Dynasty,two literary centers called KuaiJi and JingZhou were successively formed,and the latter coexisted with the former for 20 years.They respectively belonged to the east and west of the Eastern-Jin's land,but their differences were obvious:The eastern literati were from the highersocial class with promising political future,while the western literati were mainly from the lower class and the career prospect was depressing;The eastern part belonged to the Wu-Yue regional culture and dominated by the royal forces,while the western part belonged to Jingchu regional culture and dominated by the local minister;The western chose "lament and improvisation literature" as the literature theme,such as local records,improvisation at the banquet,landscape travel,private history and other diverse works,while the eastern took the "xuanyan and landscape literature" as their lierature theme,such as the prevailing metaphysical poetry in the early period and the influence of western literature in the later period accelerated the transformation to landscape poetry.The two-way immigration of the eastern and western literati,it existed mainly through the way sauch as visits,requisitions and envoys.The“East-West Literature Corridor”has been formed between Jiangling and Jiankang,Huiji in the east.Especially the frequent interaction between the Lanting poets in the east and the Shogun literati in the west: the literary movement of the western literati and the westward travel of the eastern literati,jointly promoting the prosperity of landscape literature.The eastern landscape literature advocates the theory of "express the spirit with describing its shape","feeling deep inside through the eyes",and "the landscape is the tool to show the philosophy".It is compatible with the internalized xuanyan coming along with the yongjia immigration.The tendency of metamorphosis was more of the elegance and profound.From the use of Bixing to the use of empathy,from pursuing the realistic and reappearance of painting,to the pursuit of photorealism,the landscape literature had given birth to the unique aesthetic concept of Chinese landscape literature.Till the late Eastern-Jin Dynasty,the literary center relocate to the special XunYang of Jiangzhou.It was in the necessary way for the two-way immigration of literati to step on,and also the center of the influence power between East and West literature.BaiLian Group headed by Huiyuan,three hermits of XunYang represented by Tao Yuanming,and the Zhai family,who regarded their seclusion on Lushan Mountain as the glory,together they all contributed to the literature theme's formation as "Reclusion and Religious Literature" in Xunyang.Compared with the poetry of Lushan Mountain in Xunyang and the poetry of Lanting in KuaiJi,we can find that the landscape literature has been evolved from the seclusion of literati,seclusion and hermit also became a literary alternative lifestyle for the literati.Finally,it explores the profound influence brought about by the evolution of the literary landscape of the two Jin dynasties and the significance of literary history.The evolution processes from the time and the space perspectives of the five major literary centers was divided into two levels: one was the Luoyang in the Western-Jin Dynasty and the Jiankang Literature Center in the Eastern-Jin Dynasty.They all have stronger literary attraction cohesion because they relied on their capital status.The difference was that the situation in Western-Jin Dynasty was always the same,while the Jiankang city in Eastern-Jin Dynasty was declining after its prosperity;the other one was that,the Kuaijii,Jiangling and Xunyang Literature Centers in the Eastern-Jin Dynasty were all based on state-level cities.Their literary attraction cohesion varied from time to time.The time and space evolution of the five major literary centers has the following three developmental logics:the content of creation changes from ethical education to landscape aesthetics;the author created as an individual instead of a group;creation focuses on the inside of the literati other than the external things.The north-south literary axis formed from Luoyang in the north to Jiankang in the south and extended to Huiji,together with the axis of east and west literature formed from Jiankang in the east,Huiji to the western Gangneung,blended and further promoted the prosperity of the yangyang literature center.Huiji and Xunyang also represented the two archetypal spaces that carried the boom of China's "Landscape Literature" and "Country Literature",and had contributed two extremely important themes to the Chinese literature subsequently.