The Collation And Research Of The Xiangong Seen In The Oracle Bone Inscriptions Of The Yin Ruins

This research used characteristics of the ancestors in the oracle bones and inscriptions in terms of appellation,spouse,ancestral temple,sacrificial method,and circumstantial evidence provided by other academic materials,and fully absorbed more complete information provided by the results of oracle bone conjugation,this research finally identified 28 names of ancestors in the oracle bones and inscriptions of Yin Ruins,including Nao(?),He(?),Yue(?),(?)((?)),(?),(?),Tu(?),Gong(?),Qi(?),E(?),Xi(??(?)),(?),Shan(?),(?),(?),Mu(?),(?),Fang(?),Ge(?),Wu(?),Mie(?),(?),Ji(?),?,?,Wanghai(??),Wangheng(??)and Wangze(??),etc.In addition,the author combed and studied the usage of the 28 words used in the inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells of Yin Ruins,this research can promote the progress of the research on the issue of the Shang Dynasty oracle bone inscriptions,which is of great significance for exploring the early history of the ancient Shang nationality and deeply understanding the relevant issues in the development process of early civilization in China and even in the world.Therefore,this research drew several new conclusions as follows:First,in this research,(?)is the name of the first ancestor Zhao Ming in the inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells of the yin ruins recorded in the yin biographic sketches,namely "Min(?)",readable "alliance",he is actually "Yin Benji" contained in the first male zhaoming.Zhaoming was originally named after a single word in the Oracle era.after yin died in Zhou dynasty,with the change of social situation,the Zhou people used the word "Ming" to express the meaning of "alliance" of "alliance to the gods".This phenomenon became more common in the warring States period.(?)was actually a development trend for Zhou people to write records,reflecting the changes of the times.Yin Xiangong's name "(?)" was also written by Zhou people in this process.It should be said that this was the natural result of Zhou people's habit of using characters during the evolution of Chinese characters,and it was not due to Zhou people's mistakes.However,the mixing of the word "Zhao(?)" or the initial word" Shao(?)"may be due to the misunderstanding of Zhou people.The relationship between(?)and Zhaoming,one is that the Yin people called themselves and the other is that Zhou people were called by others.The time when Yin Xiangong Zhaoming changed from single-character name to double-character name probably occurred after the middle of Western Zhou Dynasty.Second,the author put forward the view that the two ancestors named "He(?)"and "Yue(?)" should belong to the Shang clan.The oracle bone inscriptions contained the words�Gao Zu(??)and He(?)"(Tunnan 916),which are actually the oracle bone inscriptions of "Gao Zu(??)" and "He(?)".The oracle bone inscriptions also contained the cases of "Gao Zu(??)" and "He(?)" in the same edition(Heji 32308)and "Gao Zu(??)" and "He(?)" and "Yue" in the same edition(Heji 32028).Therefore,the word "Gao Zu He(???)" should be marked off,that is to say,He(?)does not belong to the category of merchant "Gao Zu(??)",and according to the oracle bone inscriptions of Yin Ruins,"Gao Zu(??)�should be all referred to as "Gao Zu(??)".Third,most of the ancestors in the oracle bone inscriptions of Yin Ruins had two coexistent phenomena of ancestral gods and natural gods,especially he(?)and Yue(?).For this kind of phenomenon,scholars have been arguing for a long time and no consensus has been reached so far.This paper introduced materials and academic theories from ethnology,anthropology and other disciplines,and tried to make some discussions and explanations on these two phenomena.For example,the reason why the ancestor gods named "He(?)" and "Yue(?)" which are entangled with the gods of natural rivers and mountains is difficult to distinguish,and it seems that they are so"contradictory".There are probably two possibilities:one possibility is that they only use the same word to express their names,and there is no correlation.If so,of course,there is no question to be discussed,but under the special political and religious space-time background of ancient times,this possibility should be extremely tiny.Another possibility is that there is indeed a close relationship between the two.If this is true,it is consistent with the cultural phenomena existing in the early people of the world.We think it should be the thought and culture formed by businessmen long long ago---in the primitive clan society---under the original logical thinking in the oracle era,and the expression that this theory is still influential,and it is part of the spread of the ancient cognition of their ancient ancestors to the oracle era.Businessmen of the oracle era undoubtedly had been entered the civilized era for a long time,but their knowledge of their ancestors continued the concepts and traditions handed down from previous generations.A lot of materials in ethnography and anthropology proved that in the primitive clan society,in which the original logical thinking was dominant,human beings often believed that all kinds of things were alive,and people and things could be bound up with each other.Names had special meanings for them and often meant some close relationship.The relationship between Xiangong He(?),Yue(?)and nature rivers,Yue should also be the same.