| This thesis chooses Labor Ethics as the entry point of Country Literature,because Labor has its unique historical meaning in the context of modern China.It not only serves as a powerful narrative motive force in the narration of Revolutionary History,but also becomes an over-loaded philosophical word when the practice of revolutionary modernity is in full swing.And when time came to 1980s,such a labor ethic still played a familiar historical role in the optimistic Liberation Narrative,perpetuating literature as a conventional interpretation of ideology.Even in the 1990s,when the "common name" was basically the same,the experience of working in the revolutionary years was still an important part of the psychological memory of the writers who had been immersed in the country for a long time,their Accumulated Labor experience was transformed into their most valuable creative resources,which provided solid realistic support and full emotional implication for the historical retelling that became the trend at that time,even constitute their observation,grasp,cognitive reality of the potential perspective of thinking.The paper is divided into five parts:The introduction defines the related concepts,introduces the topic and significance of the paper,and reviews the exist:ing research results.The first chapter focuses on Yan 'an literature,this paper discusses Labor ethics from three aspects:The rural and political nature of labor ethics,the traditional borrowing of political labor ethics,the negative feedback of folk morality to political morality,the Labor ethics and the formation of farmer subject.In the Labor ethics described in Yan 'an literature,Labor directed at the land is not only a basic way of existence,but also regarded as a natural "duty"of peasants,derived from the relocation of the land,self-reliance,thrift and other localism of the moral significance.Therefore,even in a political shell of the package,we can still see the meaning of the rural labor ethic structure played a limited,supporting role.But on the whole,the Labor ethics that the literature of this period wants to construct is still a kind of political ethics.In the process of construction,the narrator tries to elevate the status of labor through the introduction of Marxian Economics,so that it transforms from a traditional and concrete ethical category into a modern and abstract concept of political economy,the transformation from a rural virtue to a political virtue in the agricultural era makes an ideological or logical preparation for the proposal of the radical Utopian Labor ethics under the overall and dominant political and economic structure after the founding of the People's Republic.When political labor ethics enters into the meaning field of folk culture,it often obtains the legitimacy of its own dissemination by borrowing the tradition,and at the same time,its nature will inevitably suffer some loss,upon landing,a paradoxical transformation is achieved,and at the same time,it is dissolved,resulting in the final result of Tangerine and orange orange.On the subject of labor,what Yan'an literature constructed at this time was a kind of local ethic subject,that is,a "peasant"who conforms to the basic requirements of traditional morality,we can not see the modern dual opposition of material and consciousness,body and spirit,and the overcoming of the former by the latter,which was created by the later "seventeen-year literature",it's a kind of gray state that appears when the two melt together.The second chapter focuses on the construction of Labor Utopia by"seventeen-year literature".In this period,the political virtue of Labor ethics,that is,public,appeal to the other side,spiritual labor values constantly overcome self-interest,secular,materialization of the local virtue,until a set.In the process of construction and dissemination of Labor Utopia ethics,in order to enhance its persuasion and legitimacy,modern knowledge discourse such as science,gender liberation and national plan has been used."Labor Glory" is an important dimension of the structure Labor Utopia ethics."Labor" is no longer only regarded as a traditional virtue and a natural quality of the peasants,but is transformed from the"Labor essence"in the perspective of traditional ethics to the "Labor Glory"as a political character advocated by national politics,it has political and aesthetic value in addition to traditional moral value.Labor reform is another dimension of the structure Labor Utopia ethics.Its aim is to reform,purify and upgrade the human quality of the people on this bank,and to reshape a brand-new historical subject and class subject,to gain passage to a future world.Following the ethical logic of labor utopia,"seventeen-year literature" Constructs a kind of selfless and completely "productive"class subject——a new labor.In fact,the shaping and imagination of the New Labor is the reflection of the"catch-up mentality"of the late-developed countries dominated by the anxiety of modernity,and it is also a realistic consideration to deal with the problems in the process of social governance.The third chapter focuses on the period of 1980s,taking disintegration and continuation as the key words,and analyzes the turning point mentality of the Labor ethics in the thawing period.On the one hand,it shows the intention of repairing and even reconstructing the Labor Utopia in the revolutionary era,but on the other hand,Labor glory to a certain extent escaped from this system of meaning,and showed the inherent ethical spirit of traditional rural background.In the literature of the new period,"reform through Labor",a practical discourse of revolutionary modernity,which takes man himself as the object,has not been sublated and discarded,and it is worth noting that in the narration of "the returned",out from Under has been reinterpreted as a purely ideological discourse that has been expanded into a highly philosophical symbolic term.Different from the Utopian Labor of“17-year literature","getting rich through Labor",which is directed to the daily life and to satisfy the secular desire,has become the new legal basis of labor ethics.Correspondingly,in the reform literature,the order of Labor was reversed and the commercial labor separated from the land was advocated,contrary to the "seventeen years literature".Compared with the traditional small-scale peasant production,this form of labor can accumulate wealth quickly,significantly improve the material living standards of the workers,fit for people's material imagination of the reform and opening era.In addition,in an era that has just thawed,for the less developed countries,modernization by first in the first place is synonymous with marketization,political issues are suspended,and Commercial Labor in the context of the market,on the one hand,will rapidly accumulate enormous material wealth,to achieve the goal of becoming a wealthy nation.On the other hand,the advanced mode of production is regarded as a kind of new modernity personality,reaching the goal of individual modernization.But with the formation of market mechanism and the advance of consumption logic,the disconnection between labor and spirit has once again become a universal social reality.The spiritual suffixes of labor,such as the reform of the world,the Glorious Labor,the Liberation of the productive forces,the common prosperity,the modernization,and so on,have been gradually weakened and withered,while the economic orientation has become increasingly prominent,as a class,the peasants at the bottom,who in a sense can be regarded as the yardstick of modernization,have never leapt into the center of society,there is not a kind of modern subjective personality which is accompanied by the modern mode of labor and fundamentally different from the traditional personality.On the contrary,under the influence of the atmosphere of the age of materialism,the original desire of human nature,which has been recalled,increasingly shows its old and original color,and gradually shows its ferocious side,and even stirs up the appearance of the dross in the historical and cultural tradition,this can even be described as the initial disillusionment of the optimistic imagination of modernity.After the Mid-1980s,the root-seeking literature came into being,and the living style or working style of the ancestors became an important symbol of the cultural analysis of the root-seeking literature,and its ethical spirit became an important metaphor of the root of culture.The Fourth Chapter,from the Middle Period of the 1990s to the begingning of the century,focuses on the modern local narration of the Realistic Base,and discusses it from three aspects:The historical dispelling,the self-oriented Labor subject and the real essence.In this kind of modern local narrative text,which has realistic basis,the Labor Utopia which was shaped by "seventeen-year literature"can be restated or even subverted.Starting from their own personal experiences and local stories,the Writers re-historicize The historical narration solidified by ideology,and start from the two angles of the anti-modernity of labor utopia and the spatialization of local time,reducing the history of capitalization,symbol and one-dimensional to the lowercase,concrete and chaotic human nature,reducing the political revelry under the Labor Utopia to a struggle for existence mixed with either despicable or noble human nature,presents its crazy,grotesque and there is no lack of radical complex face.Compared with the retelling of history,the basic local narration of realism catches the variation of the Labor ethics in the real local area:when the reform and opening-up started in the 1980s,the popular imagination of getting rich and strong in modernity was replaced by the competition of material desire in the tide of commercialization,power rent-seeking and market logic permeate and interact with each other.While Labor achieves disenchantment,it loses almost all political or cultural divinity,the satiation of endless material desire and renovation of design becomes its only motive force and measure of efficiency.In the local narration of the Realistic Matrix,the essence of the physical consumption of labor is refreshed,Labor becomes the Labor of the body,and the body also becomes the Labor of the body,labor and body are mutually resisting and mutually confirming,in an intertextual sense,the rural pain in the historical situation can be transmitted clearly,so the village has become the subject of suffering. |
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