A Philosophical Study On Marx’s Thought Of Labor Ethics

Marx’s philosophy of labor is consisted by labor ontology, labor dialectics, labor history, labor values and labor ethics. Among them labor ontology, labor dialectics, labor history, labor values are the ontology, methodology and value of Marx labor ethics thoughts. And Marx labor ethics thoughts are the ethical end-result of labor ontology, labor dialectics, labor history, labor values.Marx revealed the rules of human labor ethics relations development and changes with labor history. Human labor ethics relations change with labor productivity and labor relations, as labor ethics relations change, human moral ideas and moral behaves change fundamentally. Capitalist society of labor relations are based on socialization production and the establishment of market economic system. Labor-capital relationship is the basic labor relations in capitalism societies. This relation seems to be equal, but its true ethics idea is unequal and injustice. Capitalists take possess surplus value created by working class for free. The essence of labor-capital relations are exploitation and oppression. Socialism societies are built on more socialized production, economy adjusted by both government and market, exploiting class was wiped out, different class labors are basically equal, boundaries between labors and capitalists are relatively fuzzy, labors can possess assets, and the capitalists can join social works, but contradictions between labors and capitalists and among laborers still exists. But the nature of the contradictions is non-hostile; ethics values on dealing socialism labor relations should be harmonious and order.Human create the world through labor, and create themselves, that is the meaning of labor. Protect the legal rights of workers is the core value of Marx’s labor humanism. Marx criticized capitalism with labor humanism. The first evil of capitalism is labor alienation which labor does not explicit humanity but deny it, the more works workers do, the less dignity they have left. The origin of labor alienation is private ownership, only destroy private ownership can stop labor alienation. In socialism societies especially the primary stage of socialism, human-nature and human-society contradictions hasn’t been solved permanently, labor alienation still exists in some levels, but in general, workers became real social subjects. Socialism construction should consider labor and workers sacred as a core value; protect the benefit of workers, dealing with labor disputes in justice. Socialism construction should consider continuously meet the demand of workers as basic target.The theory of natural rights is the philosophy basis of capitalism labor system while labor sovereignty is the philosophy basis of socialism labor system. Guided by the theory of natural rights, the basis of capitalism labor system is labor product private ownership, mode of distribution based on market system, benefit, salary and rent is designed. The main purpose of capitalism labor system is to protect capitalists’ maximum benefits, and rights to exploit workers. On the other hand socialism guided by labor sovereignty were based on labor product public ownership, country owned economy as main body, various economic forms coexist, the distribution according to work is dominant, the coexistence of a variety of modes of distribution is the main labor system. Products’ distribution, possession, use, and consumption was connected to labor production is a basic value direction.Marx’s thought of labor ethics has greatly impacted the social development of human being. Marx has significantly promoted the laborer’s movement, and facilitated the bourgeois thinkers and politicians to attach close attention to his thought and to make adjustments for the Capitalist social system in various respects, and made more and more respect and guarantee for the rights of the working class. However, what carries more weight is his transforming the socialist campaign from Utopia to science. Guiding by his thought, socialism has been realized as the actual social system in a number of countries. Marx’s labor ethics has also greatly facilitated the progress of human moral philosophy.