Folk Beliefs And Survival Practices

On the basis of village and community,religious ethnography,anthropological religious research and Yi religion research,this paper makes an in-depth study of the three most representative religious customs of Pula people of Yi in Beige Township,Kaiyuan City,Yunnan Province,in order to present religious beliefs and people's lives,and on this basis,to discuss the Yi Pu people of Beige.The cultural connotation of the religious customs of pulling people,and how these religious customs are combined with the social reality on which people depend for their survival in modern society,etc.First of all,Pula people's natural worship and social life of dry farming.Under the harsh living environment and the extremely low social productivity,Pula people's dependence on nature often personifies things in nature and worships various natural gods,such as heaven,earth,sun and moon,which are closely related to the production and life of people's dry farming society.For the vast majority of Pula villagers in mountainous areas,whose main source of livelihood is dry farming,land,sunshine and rainwater are of vital importance to crop production,which is the root of their worship of heaven,earth,sun and moon.So far,Pula people still retain the traditional ritual of offering sacrifices to the year and the dragon.The annual tree(Nian Shen)and the dragon tree(Tree Shen)in the ritual are symbols of heaven and earth.The whole sacrificial process is a reflection of people's ritual of revering heaven and earth,and also a symbol expression of their dry farming social life.Starting from the living conditions of Pula people,people's attitude and behavior towards natural gods can be summed up as a folk religion,which contains the preliminary understanding and religious customs of the interdependence between man and nature.The ritual of offering sacrifices to the New Year and the Dragon is a kind of survival wisdom of Pula people in coordinating the relationship between nature and nature.Behind the ritual behavior is people's expectation and aspiration for high-yield harvest and the multiplication of human beings and livestock,as well as the unremitting pursuit of happy life of Pula people who work hard.Secondly,the ancestral worship of Pula people and the continuation of paternal lineage.Pula people's worship of ancestors is based on the belief that their parents' souls are immortal.People believe that their parents were the most caring people in the world before they were born,and they will surely bless their descendants everywhere after they die.Based on this concept,Pula people produced a rigorous funeral ceremony,which contains rich cultural connotations.First,funerals have transitional implications that vary with location,status and identity.Secondly,the symbols in funerals carry the historical information of Pula people,which is an important manifestation of people's ethnic memory.Thirdly,there are great differences in the gender division of the main body of the ceremony in funerals,and male heirs play an important role in the whole ceremony.Both the ritual behavior with male offspring as the main body and the substantial ritual movement are playing the cultural function of maintaining the social structure of patriarchal consanguinity.On the other hand,from the outside of the family,the villagers help each other mostly in the name of male parents,which strengthens the integration of the paternal lineage families and communities,and strengthens the cohesion of the village community.Under the care of Zuling,paternal blood ties are the internal mechanism to maintain the functioning of Pula family,family and even village society.Finally,Pula people's ghost belief and disease treatment practice.The ghost occupies the leading position in the disease concept of Beige Pula people.The difference between the Pula ghost and the ghost is that the ghost points to the living and the dead;if the ghost leaves the human body,the human will be sick;if the ghost attaches to the living,the human will also be sick.In order to relieve the troubles caused by diseases,the spiritual calling and Exorcism rituals of Pula people have been prevalent all the time.This demand has led to the emergence of ritual experts(Beima and Shsuo Zhai)who treat people by exorcising ghosts.In daily life,people in Pula suffer from physical discomfort.Beima and Shuozhai are the first choice for treatment of diseases.When their treatment is ineffective,people go to hospitals.Their dependence on traditional treatment reflects their identification with local knowledge and belief system.This is also the cultural logic behind Pula people's medical seeking behavior.Collection.With the change and development of society,Pula people do not refuse to stay away from modern medical treatment while relying on traditional treatment.They complement each other and do not contradict each other.The alternative choice in the "two solutions of divine medicine" is a wise choice developed in the practice of disease treatment to solve life problems.