The Relationship Between Tibant And Sikkim During Ganden Phodrang Period(1642-1959)

Dermezong,now known as Sikkim,is located in the buffer zone of the southern Himalayas where China and India meet.The position of Dermezong is essential in politics,military,economy,and culture to both China and India.The relationship between Dermezong and Tibet has a long history,which can be traced back to the Tibetan empire according to the traditional documents.As a student in the field of relation between Dermezong and China’s Tibet,this paper tries to analyze the relation between Dermezong and China’s Tibet in the period of Ganden phodrang.From the perspective of history,it can be considered that the history of Dermezong is a part of Tibetan history,especially the politics,economy and culture of Dermezong in the period of Ganden phodrang are closely related to Tibet.Therefore,to some extent,learning the history of Dermezong is helpful to understand Tibetan history.At the same time,the history of Dermezong can also be understood from perspective of Tibetan history.Especially the relationship between Dermezong and China’s Tibet in the period of Ganden phodrang can be placed in the overall perspective of Tibetan history,so as to clearly understand the relationship between Tibet and philosophy at that time and provide historical reference for strengthening the future relationship between China and India.This paper is divided into seven parts to discuss religion,politics,economy and culture between Dermezong and Tibet in the period of Ganden phodrang.The main contents of each chapter are as follows:The first part firstly sorts out the origin and meaning of the place name " Dermezong ",and at the same time summarizes the basic situation of geography and society of Dermezong,laying a foundation for the whole paper.The second part discussed the great Phuntsog Namgal ancestors Bhutia ethnic origin,the Tibetan "Three saints" held in Dermezong coronation appointed Phuntsog Namgal Dermezong first-generation Chogyal,and he and the second generation Chogyal Dansong Namgal from Tibet to build uniform Dermezong kingdom’s political system;and the trends of separating between Tibetan and Dermezong during Ganden phodrang;The third part discusses that from 1707 to 1792,the government of Ganden phodrang in Tibet smoothen many internal and external contradictions of Dermezong.After granting the name and land to Dermezong,the Chogyal sent a tributary delegation named "Lophyk" to Lhasa to offer gifts to the Dalai lama.At the same time,Tibet sent a representative to Dermezong as regent.All the Chogyals had marital relations with Tibetan aristocracy,which proves the subordinate relationship of Tibet had established at that time.In the fourth part,after the Gorkha war in 1792,the Qing Dynasty issued the imperial constitution for the settlement of Tibetan affairs,which restricted the vassal relationship between Tibet and Dermezong.They issued the restriction orders that the Chogyal could only enter Tibet once every eight years and send a "Lophyk" delegation to Lhasa once every three years,which led to the loosening of the relationship between Tibet and Dermezong.British India took advantage of this opportunity to open the door to the British invasion of Dermezong by signing the treaty of Titalia in 1817.In the Anglo-Sikkim Treaty of Tumlong,1861,“to better maintenance of friendly relations with British Government,the Maharaja(Chogyal)of Sikkim agrees to remove the seat of his Government from Tibet to Sikkim.” Under the influence of the anglo-tibetan treaty in 1890,the Qing Dynasty recognized the dominion of British India in Dermezong.In 1904,the treaty of Lhasa was signed between Tibetan and Britain,and from then on,Government of Ganden phodrang acknowledged the Government of Dermezong was formally controlled by the British Government.In addition,this chapter also discusses the origin and development of the border issues between British India and Tibet.In the fifth part,I wil discuss Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in Dermezong,analyzing dissemination and the development process and reason of Buddhism in different period,different sects in Dermezong;Tibetan monks been to Dermezong gave teachings,while Dermezong sent the young monk to learn Tibetan Buddhism,building the "Master and apprentice" religious inheritance relationship;The sixth part discusses the transmission process of Tibetan culture to Dermezong,the relationship between the word "Lhoyig" and the Tibetan language,the relationship between the folk culture of Dermezong and the Tibetan culture,and the special cultural relationship between the two through the absorption and introduction of other cultures from Tibet.The seventh part focuses on the construction of trade fairs between Dermezong and Tibetan to enhance the economic and trade relations between the two sides,as well as the donation of tribute to Tibet by Dermezong and the establishment of religious donation and distribution relations.Finally,I think the shortcomings of the thesis,and conclude points presented chapters.