Research On The Space Flow And Scientific Cooperation Of Chinese Scientists Based On Analyses Of CAS And CAE Academicians

In the era of knowledge economy with economic globalization and regional economic integration,the competition of comprehensive strength between countries and regions is increasingly fierce.Under the background of globalization,the competition between technology and economy equals to the competition of talents,especially the key talents.Talent is a precious strategic resource.All countries and regions have formulated corresponding talent policies to cultivate and attract world-class talents,so as to occupy a dominant position in the fierce competition.The advantage and disadvantage relationship of regional talent competition is increasingly conspicuous,and a world-wide talent competition for world-class scientific and technological talents is stealthily triggered.Under the complicated international background,it is of great significance to cultivate and produce a group of top scientific and technological innovation talents for China to improve its scientific and technological innovation ability,implement the strategy of reinvigorating China through human resource development,prospering the country through science and education and sustainable development,to promote the progress of science and technology and national development,and to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.Academician is one of the highest academic titles in and representing the highest level of the field of science and technology.Since the founding of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1949,academician groups have made outstanding contributions to the creation of modern science and technology and laid its foundation in New China.Nowadays,academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering are still outstanding representatives of China's scientific and technological talents,the backbone and key figures of China's major scientific and technological achievements,promoting the progress of China's scientific and technological undertakings as well as the development of national economy.This research selects typical cases of academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering,and employs such methods as spatial analysis,complex network analysis and spatial econometric analysis to reveal the spatial distribution pattern,spatial flow characteristics and knowledge cooperation effect of Chinese scientists.The conclusions drawn are as follows:(1)From the perspective of the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of Chinese scientists,The spatial distribution of Chinese scientists in different stages of growth is significantly different.Their birthplaces are highly concentrated in the east coast and the Yangtze River Basin,especially in the Yangtze River Delta;the cities where universities gather are the main places for Chinese scientists to achieve undergraduate studies,which highly coincides with locations of higher education resources in China;the places where the highest degrees are obtained concentrate in cities with highlevel educational resources in China and the world;the first places of work,current places of work and places of academician title acquisition are highly consistent in spatial pattern,and they are mainly concentrated in the cities with developed economy.Regional economic level,education level,urban environment and public service are important factors affecting the spatial distribution of Chinese scientists.Economically developed regions provide the necessary economic basis for the growth of Chinese scientists.Regions with higher education level are conducive to the growth,cultivation and development of scientists.Sound and high-quality social services are more inclined to attract scientists to work.A beautiful and clean environment is one of the important factors for scientists when choosing a workplace.(2)From the perspective of the characteristics and driving mechanism of Chinese scientists' mobility network,The spatial heterogeneity of Chinese scientists' mobility network is significant.The node degree centrality,weighted degree centrality and intermediate number centrality are high in only a few cities such as Beijing,Shanghai,Nanjing,etc.The network hierarchy is "pyramid"-shaped,and the core edge structure is prominent.With the growth of scientists,the number of cities satisfying their later development gradually decreases.By identifying the node roles of Chinese scientists' mobility network,it is found that Beijing is the only city with dual roles.It is a successful and stable city,while other cities are just playing a single role.The spatial migration of Chinese scientists is influenced by national policies,regional economic level,education level and individual characteristics at the national,regional and individual scales.Individual characteristics are the internal driving force to promote the evolution of Chinese scientists' mobility network.Regional economic level and education level are the external driving force of the evolution of the whole network.International environment and national policies are exogenous variables of scientists' spatial migration.Each driving force is closely related to another,and the mobility network of Chinese scientists is the result of the comprehensive action of each driving force.(3)From the perspective of the complexity and mechanism of Chinese scientific research cooperation network,the research cooperation network of Chinese scientists presents a "multi-triangle skeleton" with Beijing as the vertex,of which the hierarchical structure is obvious.Beijing and Shanghai are located in the core area of China's scientific research cooperation network.16 cities including Changchun,Nanjing,Wuhan,Xi'an,Guangzhou,Lanzhou,Dalian and Hefei,are located in the half-edge,while other cities are located in the edge of the network.The spatial imbalance of scientific research cooperation among Chinese scientists is obvious.Jing-Jin-Ji,Yangtze River Delta and central and southern Liaoning are the hot areas of scientific research activities in China.The high value area of degree centrality is mainly distributed in the capital cities or municipalities directly under the central government in the Middle East of China.The "two pole" pattern of weighted centrality in Beijing and Shanghai is protruding,and the betweenness centrality shows a pattern of "one superpower and several major powers".The negative binomial regression model has a strong explanatory power to the proximity mechanism of Chinese scientists' research cooperation network.Geographical proximity plays a positive role in scientific research cooperation of Chinese scientists under certain conditions;educational proximity is the primary consideration of scientific research cooperation among Chinese scientists.The closer the educational level between the two cities is,the more cooperative the scientists tend to be;economic proximity and social proximity wield great importance in promoting scientific research cooperation among Chinese scientists;the influence coefficient of institutional proximity on scientific research cooperation among Chinese scientists is negative and significant.(4)Based on the data of Chinese scientists' mobility and scientific research cooperation at the urban scale,the Chinese scientists' mobility network and scientific research cooperation network are constructed.Through spatial analysis,network analysis and regression analysis,it is found that the spatial identity characteristics of the nodes and bilateral relations of the two networks are significant,and their attributes present a certain correlation.The two networks have strong conformity in spatial structure.Based on the "function model of scientists' flow on knowledge flow",this paper summarizes four effects of Chinese scientists' flow on knowledge flow,which are spillover effect,creation effect,backflow effect and follower effect.As the carrier of knowledge,scientists' knowledge will spill out to the new area and produce knowledge spillover effect;the collision between the knowledge that scientists have already mastered and the knowledge of the scientific research personnel in immigrant area will make their knowledge merge and recombine,and in this process produce new knowledge and knowledge creation effect;because of the flow of scientists,the scientists in the immigrant area and the personnel of the emigrant area maintain a specific connection,which makes knowledge in the region where the scientists currently live "feedback" the place of their emigration and form a knowledge return effect;later scholars will follow or imitate the path of their predecessors' growth,and other scientists or scholars will follow their predecessors' migration path from one region to another,resulting in a new round of knowledge flow,i.e.,follower effect.