Study On The Space Flow Of Official-horse And Its Influence In The Tang And Song Dynasties

Animal husbandry is an important part of agriculture.The horse husbandry is an important part of the animal husbandry.Horses provide vitality for the country’s construction.The horses are national resources.Therefore,the horse has become an important strategic and preparedness resource for the country.For a long period of time in ancient China,horses not only served as war machines,“it is importance of cavalry in the way of defensiveness,“horses play a pivotal role in the war”,but they are also essential transportation and production tools.So,the rulers in ancient China were attached important to The Horse Administration(马政).Due to the spatial differences of China’s geographical environment,horse production areas are mainly distributed in northern and northwest grassland of china.The regions of horses demand are located in the economically developed regions.There is a spatial difference between the origin of horses and the demand place of horses.Therefore,the space transfer of horses has become one of the importance contents of The Horse Administration of the past dynasties.The Horse Administration of the Tang Dynasty had well-developed.The state ranch widely distributed in the area of LongYou and HeXi.The so-called“The horse husbandry of Tany dynasty was the most prosperous since the Qin and Han dynasties.In order to meet the needs of large-scale economic construction and the consolidation of national defense security,the Tang Court carried out a large-scale horse transfer.In the two Song periods,it was restricted by the environment and the supply of horses was insufficient.As a result,Tea-horse trade,Silk-horse trade and Salt-horse trade were flourishing.In the research of this paper,we mainly use the theory and methods of modern logistics geography,focusing on the dynamic transfer process of the horses in the Tang and Song Dynasties and a series of positive and negative effects caused by the horses flow.In particular,the research ideas of this paper are:first,on the basis of the existing research results,restoring the spatial distribution of the horse production sites in theTang and Song Dynasties,so as to clarify the“origin”of the official-horse flow during the Tang and Song dynasties.Secondly,in order to know the“terminal”the horses flow,we will restore the demanding market of the official horses.Thirdly,on the basis of the former two,it reveals the process of the official-horse flow,the layout of the transportation hub of the official-horse and the integrated transport network,the center and scope of the official-horse,the form of space flow,etc.This part lies at the core of the paper as well as the difficulties in the study of this article.Finally,on the basis of the above research results,this paper makes a general review of the study and discuss the positive and negative effects of space flow of the official-horses in the Tang and Song Dynasties.In this part,we discusses the influence of the official-horse flow from three aspects,such as the output of the horses,the input land and the flow along the way of the horses.Through the study of the flow of officials-horses in the Tang and Song Dynasties,it was found that there was indeed a large amount of horses space transfer in the Tang and Song Dynasties.There were various forms of the official-horse flow,including the redeployment of state-owned ranch horses,cross-regional horse flow caused by the trade of mutual market.The main direction of the Tang Dynasty state-run ranch horses is from the state-run ranch in the area along Longyou(陇右)to the Chang’an(长安)region and the northern military regions.The tribute of horse and trade horse are mainly from the Business Road and the Yinshan road(阴山道)to the Chang’an area and the northwest along the silk road to the Chang’an area.During the Song Dynasty,the state farms declined,and the number of nomadic people in the surrounding areas was less.Mutual market trade flourished.In terms of the horse flow,the Northern Song Dynasty traveled from Qinzhou(秦州)and Bao Anjun(保安军)to Kaifeng(开封).During the Tang and Song Dynasties,the spatial flow of a large number of horses formed a fixed circulation route.The study found that apart from the Southern Song Dynasty opened up a new transport route,during the Tang and Northern Song Dynasties,whether it was the tribute of horse and trade horse most of its flow lines followed traditional officials road.As far as the transportation distance is concerned,the Tang and the Northern Song Dynasty mainly consist of short-distance transits,while the Southern Song Dynasty mainly took long-distance transfers.At the same time,in order to cooperate with the smooth running of the official horse,a system of horse circulation was formed during the Tang and Song Dynasties.At the same time,in order to cooperate with the smooth operation of the official horse,a systematicsystem of horse circulation system was formed during the Tang and Song Dynasties,including the horse management system at the national level and transport organization at the grass-roots level.The spatial flow of officials-horses in the Tang and Song dynasties were actually a cross-regional allocation of resources,which had a profound impact on the economic and social development of the Tang and Song dynasties.It objectively promoted the development of the nomadic economy in the surrounding nomadic areas and met the horse demand and political demands of the Central Plains Dynasty.However,the large-scale space transportation of horses also increases the government’s financial burden and disturbs the stable living conditions of the people along the way.