Study On The Social Transformation Under The Local Autonomy In Korean Rural Areas

Rural communities in South Korea have been changing a lot since local autonomous system came into effect in 1991.At present,the system transition on political,economic and culture of South Korea has been basically completed,which made the South Korea overcome the growing gulf between urban and rural cost by industrialization.As a result,the local-government system turned the Korean traditional rural society into modern society.The successful experience of South Korea made the international community sit up and take notice,especially becoming a valuable model to less developed countries.Before turning into modern society,Korea rural community suffered from pressures and straits which cost by economic development that is from both domestic and overseas.First of all,industrialization development of the South Korea economy caused dual economic structure in Korea,and it made the gap between the less developed Korean regions and the developed urban society.The difference between industry and agriculture widened more and more,and the serious challenge of economic inequalities between different areas became clearly.Many farmers left rural community,which made the Korea rural community feel very skilled labor is insufficient.Meanwhile,the gravity of rural community population had an overall urban transfer,and it cost a lot of problems such as the rise in unemployment and the environmental black spot.In a word,the industrialization,urbanism,marketization and commercialise in Korea preclude the development of Korea traditional agriculture.And the hysteresis of Korea rural community influenced the development of modernization of Korea.Secondly,economic globalization and the new international trade order had the Korea agriculture face a crisis unparalleled.Under the open market environment,Korea rural community lost its status as a base of food production and supply,and because of a large capital inflow of cheap commodity,agriculture could reach breaking point in Korea.Under the open market environment,the government couldn' t give support for agriculture policy regulation.Korean farmers sensed that only adapting to the new market system can help them improve their competitive.Then industrialization,marketization and commercialise became goals to the Korea rural economy.Rural community transition is the main tendency of adjusting to new times.Suffering from pressures and straits which cost by economic development that is from both domestic and overseas,Korean farmers sensed that the policy regulation and money supporting from the government are not enough to satisfy their demand for developing,and couldn' t solve a single thing that they were facing.The new contacts made them think about the validity of government,system and policy.Korean Farmers' self-consciousness became stronger and they requested political participation.Political participation is one fundamental characteristic of the modern politics civilization,and authoritarian rule and dictatorial powers became a certain system obstacle to the rural development.Korea need to promote political restructuring and reform in other aspects to satisfy the farmers' requirements.So during the rural community transition,how to promote local autonomy and how to set up local autonomy administrative system made the whole society sit up and take notice.Promoting local autonomy and setting up local autonomy administrative system is the first task among the economic and social undertakings in rural community.It can be seen that the local autonomy system is the institutional foundation and political security of the rural community transition in South Korea.And it also opened a new generation to?the local autonomy.Decentralization made the local government and farmers' change their perspective,from then the direction of development of rural society was up to farmers and local government.The local-government system turned the Korean traditional rural society into modern society,and turned the top-down agricultural policy system into the bottom-up one.It turned the Korean traditional rural society into modern society.But we must look at both sides of the case and see the problems.We can learn a lot from its experience.