How The State Success:Research On Saemaul Undong In South Korea Under The Impression Of Household-community Interaction

Saeamul Undong in Korea was a "Rural Modernization Campaign" which led by Park Chung-hee government and implemented from top to bottom in the 1970s,it changed rural society deeply and led it to modernization.Based on the recognition of Korean traditional system,this dissertation chose Shuibai Li of Jiangyuan Do as the main case,discussed“How the state and rural society changed each other in the process of new village construction",then answered the issue" How the state can be success to intervene society".Specifically,the study contains two aspects:Firstly,Re-thinking the rural tradition.The Korean farmers formed a stability system in traditional agriculture society,the author named it as“household-community interaction system".It is the governance system which contains the family structure based on the close blood relationship and social group structure based on multiple mutual relationship.Its outstanding features are as follows:Based on family but peasants are seeking for the protection from groups;the effective reciprocity which based on the equal participation;the limited autonomy governance based on the interaction between family and group.However,there are two shortcomings,that is,the limited expansion under the introversion,the low development under effective integration.Secondly,Re-understand the choices of the state and farmers under the traditional system.What is called "Saemaul Undong" is a "better life" campaign,it contains the choices of what to save and change.This dissertation divides the process of New village cultivation into three stages:the state's trial and the village 's response,the state,s debugging and the village 's self-help,the state' s support and the village's autonomy.The basic logic it contains is:in the process of social individuation,the state inputs the "new village doctrine" into rural society,and achieves the effective connection of modern market mechanism and the cooperation tradition;it stresses the village independence under the guidance of the state,then the village integrates the traditional organization and modern "developmentalism" concept.Simultaneously,the family and village achieve capital expansion with the help of state policy,then it changed the limited mutual benefit under the households' connectedness to double-win.Based on the study above,the author makes such conclusions:Firstly,"Saemaul Undong" is not the designed product of modern rational bureaucratic,it forms the adaptability through the continuous interaction and debugging between the state and rural society,that is,the state input the concept of modern development into rural society to docking with the traditional system through village leaders,then the the pursuit of individual(or family)interests and services to the village community come to a balance.Secondly,the success of Saemaul Undong is the conbination of two aspects:the match of state's coercive power and adaptive power under the guidance of developmentalism,the linkage of the state's selective stimulation and adaptive reconstruction under the respect of households,connectedness.This study complements the theory of rural developmental state,the author forwards the theory of rural developmental governance to understand "Saemaul Undong" in Korea.The features are as follows:strong state' capacity and traditional system heritage;the co-created of moderb technical bureaucracy and moderb community elite;the interactive selectivity under the consensus of developmental goal" from state dominant to community autonomy.At the same time,the study concludes that if the state's intervention does not build on the basis of detailed excavation and respect of rural society's traditional system,it is very difficult to be succeed.While as,if the state does not digestion or suppression the negative elements of the traditional system gradual under the concept of modern developmentalism,it is also an empty talk to achieve rural development.