| General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out during the 43rd collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on September 29,2017:"We must pay close attention to and study the new achievements in foreign Marxist research,analyze it,identify it,and must not adopt a general approach.The attitude of rejection must not be copied in an all-out manner.At the same time,we must persist in managing our own affairs well,continue to develop and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics,continue to strengthen our country's overall national strength,and fully demonstrate the superiority of our country's socialist system."? We must persist a critical attitude to study social democracy.Social democracy is a bourgeois social ethos that originated within the capitalist society.To study it,we must not only see its rationality and constructivity,but also its historical limitations.We must not adopt the attitude of exclusion of all social democracy civic education,and we must not completely copy it.We must,under the guidance of Marxism,base ourselves on the development needs of the socialist cause with Chinese characteristics,and critically consider its reasonable use.To help China's ideological and political education.The entire ideological system of social democracy is based on the general question of how to establish an equal and free society.In the process of exploring this general issue,social democrats must inevitably have a problem with the historical subject of realizing their social ideals.The thesis summarizes this kind of historical subject to be a democratic critical citizenship.In the eyes of social democrats,citizens who identify and pursue equality and freedom,actively participate in democratic politics,and criticize capitalist order can establish an equal and free society.In this sense,the citizenship education ideology of social democracy is centered on education of democratic critical citizenship.This article focuses on the central issue of democratizing citizens and their educational thinking.The paper first introduces the connotation and proposes process of the value ideal of social democracy.Social democracy is the most influential leftist social trend in Western society today.For more than a hundred years,it has come out of outrage for capitalist society and for people who have been treated unfairly(working class,women,queer,the sympathy of ethnic minorities,colored people),social democrats are committed to establishing an ideal society free from freedom,equality and solidarity through democratic means.They think that socialism is not an a priori fixed historical schema,nor is it an inevitable product of economic development,but rather a process of people's pursuit of values such as freedom,equality,and unity.Different from classical liberalism and neo-liberalism,social democracy considers freedom,equality,and unity as an organic whole.They restrict each other and complement each other.Freedom means the exertion of personal potential and self-realization.Freedom is its value system.Starting point,equality is the premise of freedom,and unity is the condition for achieving equality and freedom.In short,the free,equal and united society is a society where all people have equal and free access based on solidarity and mutual assistance.In the eyes of social democrats,only those citizens who identify and pursue the values of equality and freedom,actively participate in democratic politics and promote capitalist social changes can realize the ideal of equality and freedom,and social democrats have not implemented it with a universal concept.The historical subject of the above-mentioned ideal society,the thesis summarizes this historical subject as a democratic critique citizen.In the second part,the dissertation expounds the process,connotation and quality of democratic critique citizens.In the view of social democrats,democracy criticizes citizens as citizens who pursue social justice and improve capitalism under the framework of capitalist democracy,social justice(identity and pursuit of equality and freedom),the spirit of solidarity,democratic beliefs,and social criticism.Competence is the core quality of democratic criticism of citizens.The quality of democratic criticism of citizens can't be nurtured by theorists and politicians instilling them from the top down,but only in the process of people's active participation in democratic criticism.The third part of the thesis mainly introduces the connotation,form and basic links of practical education for democratic criticism.The practice of democratic criticism referred to by social democrats mainly refers to the promotion of social equity and justice through collective power under the framework of the capitalist democratic system,including various types of trade union movements,non-governmental organization movements,and political party activities.The people were educated in this practice of democratic criticism.Since social democracy mainly represents the interests of the working class and other people who have been unfairly treated,social democrats attach great importance to the educational significance of the two activities of the trade union movement and social party activities.The practice of democratic criticism generally includes four basic links:the establishment of trade unions and party organizations,the establishment of democratic criticism goals,the launching of collective actions,and the creation of extensive educational influence.The practice of democratic criticism has had an important educational impact on people's values,democratic awareness,and social critique.In the fourth part,the dissertation focuses on the specific process of people's acceptance of values,democratic awareness,organizational ability and critical ability education in the practice of democratic criticism.People accepted the sense of group justice and social justice in the political practices of the trade union movement and party leaders;they generated a sense of democratic self-determination in the course of economic actions and political actions;they accumulated solidarity in the practice of organizing trade unions and political parties.Experience;in the transformation of ownership,distribution system and political system of capitalist society,deepened the Social democrats believe that because theorists,politicians,and publics have had a positive educational impact on themselves and others in the practice of democratic criticism,they should be the subject of democratic criticism of civic education.They have different educational roles in the process of democratic criticism and practical education.In the fifth part,the dissertation discusses the educational subjective view of the "participants is educational subjects" of social democracy,the composition of educational subjects,and the educational role of politicians,theorists,and publics.The public's influence on people is empirical,and its educational role is embodied in the stimulation of compassion,the increase in people's sensitivity to inequality,the organization's experience in providing collective action,and the provision of a primary program for the transformation of social order;The role of education is mainly to raise people's rational understanding of the legitimacy of equality and freedom,the value of democracy,and the law of the development of capitalist society;the organization and leadership of politicians connect the public with the theoreticians,and the education of politicians To promote social inclusion and enhance people's ability to reform based on reality.understanding of capitalist social relations and strengthened the ability to critique capitalism.The last part of the dissertation makes an overall assessment of the democratic criticism of civic education,and tentatively discusses its positive and negative revelations to China's current ideological and political education practice.This includes both inspiration and response.Social democrats attach great importance to citizens,sense of social justice,democratic participation,solidarity,and the ability to cultivate social change.In theory,"democratic critique citizens" try to overcome the deficiencies of neoliberal "passive citizenship".In practical terms,the social democratic democratic criticism of civic thought has had a significant impact on the civic education practice of the Socialist Party.After the Second World War,the Socialist Party placed great emphasis on citizens,spirit of solidarity and awareness of citizenship rights.After the third road was put forward,the Socialist Party further proposed citizenship such as social responsibility,political participation,and independent thinking ability.From the end of World War II to the third road,the civic education practice of the Socialist Party basically reflected its theoretical conception of democratic critical citizenship.However,the social democrats' democratic criticism of civic education ideas exaggerated the democratic transformation of citizens under the framework of capitalism.In the process of education in democratic practice,when democracy criticized the civic education idea as emphasizing the political virtues of democratic participation,collective action,solidarity,mutual assistance,and social responsibility,it neglected the independence of the citizens,diligence,and innovation in production and labor virtue education.In addition to cultivating citizen's democratic spirit and independent thinking ability,ideological and political education in current ideological and political education should also focus on the production and labor virtues of citizens' independence,competition,dedication,and innovation.This is also the current civil moral construction and socialism.One of the basic requirements of core values.The democratic participation practice education mode emphasized by social democrats has certain reference value for China's current ideological and political education and civic moral education,but we should critically examine its theoretical gains and losses and recognize the leftist theoretical trends in contemporary capitalism.From the perspectives of the existing problems,we must draw lessons from them and avoid cutting down the Chinese reality with Western capitalist value systems.We should base ourselves on China's current social development realities,strengthen the ideological leadership of socialist core values,and nurture the core socialist values.The socialist ideals and beliefs education is integrated with citizen moral education to build socialist core values that are in line with China's own reality and have their own characteristics.This is also an urgent task for our country's ideological and political education research and work.As pointed out by General Secretary Xi Jinping,"Cultivating and promoting the core values of socialism and effectively integrating social awareness are important ways for social systems to function properly and social order to be effectively maintained.Building core values with strong appealing power is related to social harmony and stability.,the relationship between the country and long-term stability."... |
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