On Lenin's State Theory

Lenin's state theory is Lenin's research on state problems in combination with the characteristics of the imperialist era,is Lenin's experience in how to realize and build socialism in politically,economically and culturally backward Russia,is formulated in the long term exploration of socialist road.Since the collapse of the Soviet Union,due to different class positions,the nature,status and significance of Lenin's state theory have been questioned and criticized unreasonably.Foreign scholars' evaluation of Lenin's state theory is often one-sided or lack of depth.When discussing the relationship between Lenin's state theory and Marx and Engels' s state theory,some scholars either think that Lenin did not develop Marx and Engels' s state theory or accuse Lenin of deviating from or distorting Marx and Engels.The research of domestic scholars on Lenin's state theory has also gone through the stage of focusing only on one of Lenin's works and the stage of focusing on Lenin's state theory in a certain period.As an important part of marxist state theory,Lenin's state theory also needs to be further accurately understood and systematically elaborated.Therefore,it is very necessary to systematically study Lenin's state theory,correctly understand Lenin's state theory,display its rich theoretical connotation and give a correct evaluation.From the entry of liberal capitalism to the stage of monopoly capitalism,the political and economic situation of the world has undergone tremendous changes in this process.What is the basic nature of the era? How did the international workers' movement move toward a low tide? What happened to the state of Russian society at the stage of imperialism? This is the problem that Lenin wanted to examine before looking for the development path of Russia.All sorts of contradictions of imperialism were concentrated in Russia and presented in sharp forms.As a force,the Russian proletariat gradually grew up.Lenin criticized Populism,Economism,Mensheviks and “legal Marxism”,argued with the theorists of Second international,refuted those views that distorted the marxist view of the state,defended the marxist view of the state,and used marxism to solve the practical problems in Russia.Lenin believed that the primary task was to restore the true marxist theory of the state at a time when marxism was being distorted in an unprecedented fashion.He quoted Marx and Engels in long paragraphs,not simply to retell but to reveal the essence of the state in the period of imperialism.In order to further clarify the mistakes of the bourgeoisie and opportunists on the national issue,Lenin focused on the proletarian revolution and dictatorship,clarified the essential difference between the proletarian state and the bourgeois state,and clarified the correct way for state demolishment.Based on the discussion of basic national issues,the Marxist state theory was creatively developed.After the victory of the October Revolution,Russia's primary task was to establish a proletarian state power.How to establish and consolidate the proletarian regime,and how to build a socialist country are his until the death of the exploration of the problems.Lenin's state theory clarifies three fundamental issues: firstly,the relationship between the state and the revolution;secondly,the transition of the backward proletarian state to the socialist state;and thirdly,the construction of the socialist state.The three fundamental problems of correct understanding the theory of Lenin's state are the preconditions for grasping the essence of its theory.Lenin's state theory runs through Marxist materialist dialectics.His transcendence of Second international thinker is the result of the valuation,the application and development of dialectics.Marx's research on national issues mainly adopted the research paradigm of political economy,he went deep into the civil society to find the economic foundation of the state.Engels used Marx's path in the study of national issues and adopted the anthropological research paradigm in "The Origin of Family,Private Ownership and State".In the era of imperialism,Lenin changed the way of asking questions about national issues,not answering the relationship between the state and the economic base or with the clan society,but exploring the relationship between the state and the revolution.The strong vitality of Lenin's state theory lies in its concrete analysis of specific problems,combining marxist theory with revolutionary practice,and developing marxist state theory in practice.Because Lenin and Marx were in different eras,he personally touched the establishment of a socialist country,and he had a clearer understanding of the outline of the communist society,which made him outstanding contribution of Marxist state theory.On the basis of Marx and Engels,Lenin specifically stated that the dictatorship of the proletariat is essentially a class form of state,a unity of democracy and dictatorship,and the supreme principle of the dictatorship of the proletariat is the union of workers and peasants.He creatively pointed out the special characteristics of the backward countries and pointed the socialist road for backward countries.Lenin elaborated on the Instillation Theory,emphasizing the importance of proletarian consciousness for seizing state power and proposing a complete set of plans and ideas for socialist construction in backward countries.With the victory of the Russian October Revolution and the civil war,the conclusion that the proletariat of the backward countries can seize and consolidate the political power has come to a conclusion.However,only a few years after the October Revolution,Lenin died,and many of its theoretical ideas failed to get further systematic discussion.Lenin's investigation of state problems not only opened up the socialist road in Russia,but also had a profound influence on the later Marxists.Stalin and the Soviet Marxists inherited and developed Lenin's state theory and made further answers on how to build socialism and what kind of socialism to build.Combining the Chinese revolution and construction practice,Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping conducted a Chinese interpretation of Lenin's state theory.Under the guidance of Marxism-Leninism,the Chinese Communists led the Chinese people to victory in the new-democratic revolution and achieved reform and opening up.In the process of applying Lenin's state theory,they creatively proposed the new democratic revolutionary theory and created the theory of socialist construction with Chinese characteristics.While emphasizing the guiding significance of Lenin's state theory to the world revolution,it is necessary to creatively apply Lenin's state theory and look for new growth points in the soil of your country.At the beginning of the 20 th century,the European proletarian revolution was frustrated,and the workers' movement turned to a low tide.Early Western Marxists saw that the countries of Central and Western Europe were different from Russia in the economic situation,class composition,and cultural concepts before the October Revolution.The root cause of the failure of the proletarian revolution in Western Europe comes down to the fact that the proletariat was poisoned by the bourgeois ideology and gradually lost the revolutionary spirit of the proletariat.The early Western Marxists opposed copying the experience of the Russian October Revolution and advocated exploring the socialist road of Western countries according to the characteristics of Western countries.Lukacs,Gramsci,and Korsch shifted the focus of the revolution from the political sphere to the ideological and cultural sphere,emphasizing the function of ideology.The reason why Lenin's state theory has a vivid vitality lies in its close connection with revolution and communism.Lenin put the proletarian revolution and dictatorship at the core of his state theory,clarified the historical bearing of the proletariat,reaffirmed Marx's revolutionary paradigm,and referred to human society and human liberation.He inherited the political mission of Marx to change the world,pushed the proletarian revolution to the top and expanding to the whole world.Lenin's state theory has important practical significance for the analysis of today's world countries and the construction of socialism with contemporary Chinese characteristics.