| With the continuous development of industrialization and urbanization,a large number of rural people have been transferring out of agricultural production.No matter they take initiative to work in cities,or they are forced to transfer for land acquisition,they belong to special intermediate group between “peasants” and “citizens”,composing the main part of agricultural transferring population.They are forced to learn how to live and grow in cities,which is a totally new environment to them.It is not only a transformation of their lives,but also of our society,which is the key to advancing the new-type urbanization.So,what is citizenization on earth? Actually,it implies a process,a degree and a level.How is the citizenization of agricultural transferring population? Is there any common ground or difference between the groups? Owing to the excessively rapid urbanization in China and the long period’s impact of the dual urban-rural structure,what difficulties will they have to overcome in order to achieve citizenization? To answer all these questions,we are supposed to make a scientific assessment of the level and degree of citizenization of agricultural transferring population,as well as an analysis of factors and effect mechanism involved in.This is the starting point of this thesis.The research object of this thesis is the rural migrant workers and suburban land-lost peasants with urban hukou.The analysis will start from the concept of citizenization,and the citizenization of agricultural transferring population is the process of continuously narrowing the gap between them and citizens in aspects of human capital,economic conditions,citizen’s rights and lifestyle,and the identity,which can be considered as a "continuum" Based on what discussed above,several research hypotheses on four aspects are put forward:(1)The degree of citizenization is measurable;(2)The connotation of citizenization can be summarized into several clearly defined dimensions.Each dimension has its intrinsic relevance,but its position in the citizenization varies from dimension to dimension;(3)There remains group differences in the degree and trajectory of the citizenization among the groups;(4)The impacts of relevant factors are different on citizenization and various dimensions,and their impacts on each group are not exactly the same.And the main factors of the urbanization can be dug out and then influencing mechanism can be studied.Therefore,this thesis studies the status quo of citizenization of migrant workers and those suburban land-lost peasants in both quantitative and qualitative research methods with field research in Yangtze River Delta;and SPSS 20.0 was used for exploratory factor analysis,and then AMOS 21.0 was used to establish the structural equation model for confirmatory factor analysis,which can calculate the weight of each factor after verifying the structure validity.Finally,a citizenization index was formed,which could be applied to measuring and evaluating the overall degree of citizenization of individuals,groups and respondents,then factors will be analyzed by methods such as regression analysis.The theory of social distance is applied as the main perspective,and the theories such as human capital theory and social network theory are also used.This thesis focuses on the characteristics shown in four dimensions and divisions within three groups(suburban land-lost peasants,local migrant workers and migrant workers from other places)in the process of citizenization.In addition,the factors and their influencing mechanisms will be further analyzed.Through research,the core points of this thesis are as follows:(1)The citizenization index is represented by a value of 1-5,as a "continuum",ranging from“uncivilized — low citizenization — semi-citizenization — better citizenization — complete citizenization”.There are two implications of the value of citizenization index.Firstly,it shows the current level and degree of citizenization of individuals and groups.Secondly,it shows how far it is from the current stage of citizenization to "complete citizenization."(2)What’s more,with calculation,the citizenization index of agricultural transferring population in Yangtze River Delta reached 3.03,which means that the overall population is in a “semi-citizenization” level,and there is a large distance from current stage to “complete citizenization(5 points)”.With comparison to different groups,we found that the level of suburban land-lost peasants(3.26)is higher than that of local migrant workers(2.91)and migrant workers from other places(2.64).Therefore,obvious discrepancies were found in different groups,which can be summarized into the distinction between “urban and rural areas” and “inside and outside”.(3)Based on the results of factor analysis and the relevant theoretical theories of citizenization,citizenization can be summarized into four dimensions: economic inconclusion,social integration,acquisition of citizenship,and identity identification.These four dimensions infiltrate with each other and intermingle with each other,but they are non-linear progressive and non-synchronizing.Actually,non-synchronization is a most prominent feature of suburban land-lost peasants;therefore,different weight in various dimensions has different effects on citizenization.(4)It shows that human capital,social networks,and institutional arrangements are the most significant factors in the overall picture,no matter in the citizenization index,or in various dimensions.The citizenization of agricultural transferring population can be regarded as the co-construction of the different scopes,as well as the synergy of social frame and individual behavior.(5)In order to advance the process of "semi-citizenization" to "complete citizenization" t of agricultural transferring population in an orderly manner,human capital,social network and institutional arrangements should be emphasized,and the characteristics of different types also should be considered.Finally,it comes to the brief discussion of the validity and innovativeness of this article,and dialogues with the current phenomenon of counter-urbanization and rural rejuvenation. |
