| How to examine the academic research of individual scholars,at present,the scholars take more than two ways: academic thought history and subject history.The former lies in refining the essence of scholars' thoughts,constructing ideological systems,and highlighting academic contributions;the latter places scholars' academic activities in the topics of disciplinary development,and presents a different aspect of the history of the discipline.It not only examines the "internal" history of scholars' thoughts,but also pays attention to the "external" history of social systems and cultural backgrounds other than scholars' thoughts.It is a unified history of knowledge forms,activity forms and organizational forms.Charles LingWu is China's first generation of sociologists,ethnologists,and anthropologists.It is valuable to examine academic research in the form of academic thought history,but as the founder of Chinese sociology,ethnology,and anthropology.One of his personal experiences has always been closely related to the ups and downs of the discipline.His research experience reflects the special form of discipline development in a certain period.Some characteristics extracted from his academic research can also be regarded as the formation of the discipline localization process.characteristic.From this level,it is not only possible but also extremely meaningful to respond to,answer and reflect on some controversies,problems and conclusions in the history of the subject.Wu's academic research spans a lot.According to the typological significance embodied in his text,sociology,ethnology and museum studies are the mainstays.During the period of the Republic of China,a core issue in the study of Chinese sociology was the sinicization or localization of sociology.Wu's various explorations in the field of sociology were placed under the theme of this subject in order to be better explained.He did not directly discuss localization,but the Chinese consciousness and Chinese connotation embodied in his academic research are very rich,involving research issues,methods,theories,and disciplinary systems.They are not only comprehensive,but also well-ordered and progressive.The localization of the problem is the first level,involving only the spatial transfer of issues;in the localization of the method,Wu is more focused on social surveys than on sociological surveys,and in specific applications,focusing on the combination of history and reality,breaking through social surveys.The method only emphasizes the single aspect of synchronic research;in the localization of theory,Wu's control of society is not a simple transplant,but instead of the characteristics of interpersonal relationships centered on "ritual" in Chinese society,the social sanctions against people are extended to The level of interaction between people and society.Compared with other scholars,Chen Da,Li Jinghan,Yang Kaidao,etc.are all scholars who have no explicit sociological localization claims but have substantial content.Their related research can be collectively referred to as generalized sociology localization.A specific analysis of the localization practice of such scholars may be beneficial to the localization issues that the academic community has been discussing recently.At present,the study of the history of Chinese ethnology mostly takes 1949 as a node,and treats the two periods as a kind of "fracture" relationship.This "fracture" narrative mainly expresses a developmental state of discipline construction,but from the individual thought From the logic of evolution,there is still room for discussion.As far as Wu is concerned,his southwestern ethnic studies can be divided into two periods.The first period was from 1938 to 1949,belonging to the stage of type diversification,which was manifested in the anthropological orientation of cultural history and the sociological orientation of social problems.The two were embodied in the "Miaoyi" society in Guizhou and the "Min" people in Yunnan.In the field ethnography,the subsequent political research is an abstract exposition condensed on the field,which is the fusion of two orientations;the second period is from 1949 to 1958,written under the leadership of the Marxist paradigm,Wu focused on Look for the "cultural remains" in marriage customs and festivals,and then proceed to demonstrate the social and historical forms of ethnic minorities.Comparing the two periods,although there is a paradigm shift,that is,the process of "Boas" turning to "Marx",but scholars as the subject of subject development,political change solid energy as the node of "paradigm shift",but not the "cliff" "The split is a process of inheritance,which has a continuation of thought.Specifically,after 1949,Wu adopted a clever narrative strategy to express the anthropologist's cultural standardism and local people's position in a repressive or concealed way,embodying several characteristics of the Boas school.Wu's ethnic studies and the practice of ethnic cultural relics seem to have no connection.In fact,the first and the last are corresponding,all of which are figurative studies under the main line of "equality".The scientific critique of "racial discrimination" and the general interpretation of American ethnic issues all contain the pursuit of the concept of "equality",while the practice of national cultural relics actually promotes this concept in the form of "materialized" performance."Vision" goes to "facts." In theory,his distinction between the National Museum and the Ethnological Museum,under the double attack of poetry and political science in the museum,when a series of expressions of crisis emerged,his ethnological museum thoughts showed more unique value and significance.Compared with Lin Huixiang's national cultural relics,the two have different biases in the collection and display of cultural relics,but the instinct and love of the national cultural relics work,the intention of placing the museum under the care of the discipline is out of sight.Investigating their commonalities in the broader field of vision,we found that in the early ethnological studies,in addition to the "field ethnography",there is also a discipline called "field collection" Form,like the field ethnography,it expresses scholars' theoretical choices,academic interests,and efforts to construct a new nation state.From the overall perspective of Wu's academic research,it is one of the important features to emphasize the application of knowledge as a social service.As far as the history of ethnology and sociology is concerned,the application orientation is also one of the characteristics of the discipline.As a result,personal characteristics and subject characteristics have been linked.Emphasizing the applicability of academics is deeply rooted in Wu's academic thoughts.The reasons are given by the special experience,by the discipline itself,by the state's dilemma,and by the influence of cultural genes rooted in the deep,with profound reality and historical logic.With the applicability,Wu emphasizes the "scientific" attribute of the subject,pays attention to the academic service to the reality,and takes the discovery of social problems and the improvement of society as the subject mission,with the help of Habermas' s three cognitive interests.Classification analysis,which belongs to the type of interest of technology.Personally,the historical causes of the application orientation in the discipline are as mentioned above;the subject of the discipline is drawn to the "science" camp,and the mission of the discipline is placed under the reality service,and they are all in line with Wu.As far as the “Chinese School” is becoming more and more popular today,the interest in technology such as application orientation and scientific attributes is indeed one of the characteristics of the localization of Chinese disciplines,and it is worth further sublimation and continue to develop.However,it should also be noted that the prosperous application orientation means that the knowledge of knowledge and critical knowledge are suppressed to a certain extent,that is,the lack of humanity and the lack of theoretical construction in the discipline.This is an important issue facing the construction of the "Chinese School" today and one of the directions for future development. |
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