On Marx's Thought Of Freedom

Marx's freedom thought is expressed as the free personality based on free labor,is the core theme of Marx's ideological system and the ideal pursuit of his lifelong struggle to achieve human liberation and free and all-round development.Since the20 th century,Marx's socialist freedom thought has been criticized and challenged by Hayek,the representative of liberalism,but there is a great misunderstanding of Marx in Hayek's criticism.Therefore,the theme of this paper is to prove the scientificity and rationality of Marx's freedom thought by expounding Marx's freedom thought and responding to Hayek's criticism and challenge of socialist freedom.This paper first combs the background,theoretical source and development process of the formation of Marx's freedom thought.Marx lived in an era when capitalism prevailed and the proletariat struggled for its own liberation,which provided realistic conditions for the formation of his free thought.Since ancient Greece,freedom has been regarded as the central theme of philosophy.In the evolution and development of the whole philosophy system,freedom has become the "red line of value" that people constantly pursue and explore.In the process of philosophy development before Marx,the definition and interpretation of the concept of freedom are both abstract and transcendental,ignoring the subjectivity of human beings.On the basis of inheriting the traditional thought of freedom,Marx reversed their theory of practice,and brought freedom from heaven back to reality.From the rebellion of freedom against necessity and the appearance of reality stated in Marx's first philosophical work doctoral dissertation to the coming out of reconciliation between individual freedom and all freedom established in the Manifesto of the Communist Party,it shows the development process of Marx's freedom thought from its formation to its gradual maturity,criticizes and corrects the abstraction of traditional freedom thought and the falsity of capitalist freedom.Based on the profound analysis of Marx's classic works,this paper combs the practical philosophy foundation established by his reversal of the practice theory of traditional freedom thought,and summarizes the meaning and relevant provisions of Marx's freedom thought.The meaning of freedom refers to the free personality basedon free labor.Free labor and personality ability are the double regulations to realize free personality.The concept of free personality is the ideal social state established by Marx in the economic manuscript of 1857-1858 by examining the three forms of human social development.Free labor,individual ability and free personality depend on each other.Free labor is the foundation,individual ability is the condition,and free personality is the ideal.The unity of the three can realize the ideal state of "free personality based on the overall development of individuals and their common social production capacity becoming their social wealth".Through the analysis of the meaning of Marx's freedom,this paper further clarifies the self conditions and social conditions contained in the realization of the state of human freedom personality.Self conditions refer to the all-round development of human beings,and social conditions refer to the joint possession of social production capacity.The realization of these two pre conditions is the basis for the manifestation of free personality.Marx thought that the human society will surpass capitalism and transition to socialism and communism,which is not only the theoretical presupposition,but also the necessary form of social development and the realization of free personality in the process of realistic development.This paper combs the differences between Marx's freedom thought,Hayek's freedom thought and capitalist freedom thought in the form of contrast.First of all,starting from the real life of human beings,Marx analyzed and criticized the class opposition caused by capitalist private ownership,employment and free competition.The thought of freedom in the capitalist social relations has the characteristics of strict duality,which is manifested in the two dimensions of economic freedom system and political freedom system.Marx thought that capitalist freedom is the form freedom to meet the freedom of a few people,which is not universal.At the same time,the separation of capitalism,which is a strict duality,is the elimination of the freedom personality of people.Secondly,this paper responds to Hayek's criticism and challenge by analyzing the superiority of Marx's socialist freedom.The establishment of Marx's socialist freedom is the theoretical guidance for the backward countries in the world.Only under the guidance of socialist theory can the backward countries increase their overall strength,and then lead the people to the road of freedom andrealize their free personality.Based on the interpretation of Marx's original works,this paper expounds the theoretical origin and development process of Marx's freedom thought,summarizes and explains the meaning of freedom,criticizes the drawbacks and limitations of capitalist individual freedom,and responds to Hayek's criticism and challenge to socialism,so as to prove the profundity,scientificity and rationality of Marx's freedom thought.