| A political party is the central force driving the operation of a state machine,and political changes in a political party are a "microscope" to see the political state of a country.After the disintegration of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,The futility if marxism,socialism "failure theory",communism "virtual disregard" and Theory of the end of ideology are raging.Right-wing forces based on neo-liberalism are scorching ahead,while left-wing forces are plunged into mass loss.Facing the unfavorable development situation,the traditional left-wing parties chose to turn to the "right".The Social Democratic Party has partially accepted the neo-liberal policy,and has moved from the left to the more moderate center-left and the center-right in the political spectrum.The homogeneity of political parties is also becoming increasingly apparent.Communist parties are facing a more unfavourable situation than the Social Democratic Party.Some Communist parties choose to dissolve the party or change the name and nature of the party and completely transform into a social democratic party.Some Communists,despite retaining the Communist Party 's name,chose to reform partly in accordance with the Social Democratic Party's founding principles,The Communist Party has a tendency to become a Social Democrat.The transformation of traditional left-wing parties to the “right” and the transition to moderation was the most significant trend at the end of the twentieth century and before the outbreak of the financial crisis.Its essence is to weaken the ideological color and move the leftwing parties to the "middle" in the political spectrum.It has brought a series of problems to the development of traditional left-wing parties: blurred political identity,weak class foundation,insufficient characteristics of theoretical and strategic claims,and intensified fragmentation of organizational power,etc.These circumstances have greatly affected the competitiveness,influence and attractiveness of left-wing parties,especially communist parties.have greatly affected the competitiveness,influence and attractiveness of left-wing parties,especially communist parties.After the outbreak of the international financial crisis in 2008,capitalist countries have plunged into institutional,structural,and comprehensive crises.The continuing recession in the economic situation,the non-optimistic employment situation,the chaotic political situation,and the turbulent social situation have made Capitalist internal contradictions are constantly accumulating,citizen dissatisfaction is increasing,radical protest movements frequently erupt,and political development of political parties continues to change.We should see that the effects of the financial crisis and its derivative crises still exist today,and capitalist countries have not completely shaken off the "mud" of multiple crises,which is an important period of development for leftwing parties.Southern European countries are at the front line of the direct impact of multiple crises such as the financial crisis,the European debt crisis and the refugee crisis.The development and changes of left-wing parties reflect the development trend of global left-wing parties to some extent after the financial crisis,especially with the rapid rise of emerging radical left-wing parties in southern Europe,the mainstream status of the Social Democratic Party has been seriously challenged.The situation of the left-wing "one-party dominance" has been difficult to reproduce,while the communist party is facing the dilemma of being more marginalized.It can be said that traditional left-wing parties are declining,and the rapid rise of emerging radical leftwing parties is the most significant trend in the development and change of left-wing parties in southern Europe.The first core issue of the research on the radical turn of the left-wing parties in Southern Europe after the financial crisis is the macro grasp and regular summary of their development situation.The new changes,new features and new trends in the development of left-wing parties in South Europe after the financial crisis are Multidimensional,the most important of which is the change from mild to radical.The specific manifestations are as follows: in the power of political organizations,a new radical left-wing party with a radical stance has risen rapidly,and the pattern of leftwing political forces has undergone radical changes;in terms of political expression,public dissatisfaction is increasingly expressed through frequent outbreaks of radical protest movements;In terms of political identity,redefining the "left" and returning to the "left" has become the main direction for the reform of left-wing parties in southern Europe;In terms of political ideology,the proliferation of left-wing populism and the return of Leninism have brought about the "polarization" of the guiding ideology of left-wing parties;In terms of political strategy,The rise of multiple political trends of thought such as populism,anti-institutionalism,and Doubtful Europeanism has led to violent changes in mainstream politics.At the same time,as for a political party or different types of political parties,the degree of radical change is different,and there are differences in individuals and types.Therefore,the core of the radical transition here is the discussion of since the collapse of the Soviet Union and the drastic changes in Eastern Europe,the left-wing parties in Southern Europe have turned to the "right" and implemented mild reforms.After the financial crisis,they have gradually turned to the "left",emphasizing their return to the "left" and turning to radicalization.The second core issue of research on the radical turn of the left-wing parties in Southern Europe after the financial crisis is to understand the mechanism of the radical turn and find the root cause of this turn.The radical turn of the left-wing political parties in southern Europe after the financial crisis is a systematic reflection of the financial crisis and its derivatives in the political life of southern European countries.A glimpse into the entire process of the development and change of the left-wing parties in Southern Europe in the "post-crisis" era.The change in the situation is consistent with the ups and downs of the left-wing parties.The deepening of social contradictions has also led to a continuous rise in citizen dissatisfaction and eventually evolved into a series The radical protest movement,which has caused the development of left-wing movements in southern Europe to face new problems and challenges?Citizens choose to resort to more radical political expressions,which is related to their long-term monopoly and blockade of the channels of legal interest expression by the establishment elites.The operation of a free and democratic electoral system is already inconsistent with the original intention of the system design.Therefore,its formal significance is far greater than its actual meaning.It has been unable to respond to the interests and concerns of the people in a timely and accurate manner.This is the root cause of the drastic changes in political parties in southern European countries after the financial crisis.Of course,the use of new media tools and the powerful technical control they generate,as well as the impact they have,cannot be ignored.The third core issue of the research on the radical turn of the left-wing parties in Southern Europe after the financial crisis is the analysis of the essence of the radical turn.After the financial crisis,the radical turn of the left-wing parties in Southern Europe is the adaptive change and adjustment of the left-wing parties in Southern Europe under multiple crises and the conscious expression in the party consciousness.After the financial crisis,the political chaos in southern European countries(such as frequent general elections,frequent cabinet formations,and frequent political deadlocks)has made ordinary people increasingly tired of election activities,and their distrust of traditional political parties has also increased sharply.They cast their votes on emerging political parties that have a clearer political identity,more distinctive theoretical and strategic propositions,and are more adept at using new media tools for public opinion building and promotion.This series of circumstances has brought about major changes in the political pattern and development direction of parties in Southern European countries.This indicates the collapse of the traditional "quasi-bipartisan" pattern in Southern European countries,and it also means the decline of Western-style democracy and the myth of neoliberalism.At the same time,the outbreak of the financial crisis has also exacerbated the deep tears in southern European society.The financial panic among ordinary people and serious dissatisfaction with the government's austerity policies are direct “fumes” of frequent outbreaks of radical protest movements,This has caused a sharp change in the social psychological characteristics of ordinary people and a "left" turn in social ideology,and it becomes inevitable for political parties to cater to voters' intentions in election politics.It is worth noting that the adjustments and changes made by left-wing political parties in southern European countries are not only due to problems existing in development,but also due to the strategic response to joint attacks by right-wing forces.As far-right political parties gradually gain a foothold and become more and more powerful in southern European countries,and the trend of joint attacks by right-wing forces such as centerright and far-right forces has increased,the risks and challenges faced by left-wing parties have increased,which also urgently requires that left-wing parties in southern Europe must formulating the correct strategic strategy,and making positive adjustments and changes,In order to fully grasp the period of strategic opportunities that emerged after the financial crisis under the adverse situation of "internal difficulties and external difficulties",and strive to promote the revival and development of left-wing parties.Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe,where socialism is going and where the left is going has always been a topic that has been widely discussed and hotly debated.To a certain extent,the new changes,new features,and new trends that have emerged in the development of left-wing parties in Southern Europe after the financial crisis indicate that the return of left-wing parties to the "left" and a radical shift are the main directions for the reform and adjustment of left-wing parties in the new situation.Back to the "Left Wing" is not exactly a return to the past "Left",but a re-definition and refinement of "Left",which makes the "Left" identity characteristics of left-wing parties distinct and prominent,and it is easier to win the support of voters.And trust,it is also better to push the left-wing political parties on the track of continued good development.In general,this article's research on the transition of radical left-wing political parties in Southern Europe after the financial crisis is a holistic,regular,and forwardlooking grasp of their development trends,It is also a systematic analysis and case study of political polarization in Europe and the world after the financial crisis,based on southern European left-wing parties.Of course,the political development of Southern Europe is always a dynamic process,and the development of each country and party is not the same.The research in this article also aims to gain insight into the direction of left-wing political development in Southern Europe and accurately grasp the changes in the current political situation in the world.With a view to providing important theoretical references for promoting China's exchange and cooperation with southern European countries,promoting China's sustained and stable development,high-quality development,and the "Chinese Dream" to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation. |
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