Farmland Transfer:Influencing Of Village Committee And Environmental Effects

Agricultural modernization is an important measure to ensure food security and support industrialization and urbanization in China.Agricultural modernization in our country not only emphasizes technological progress and enhances the core competitiveness of agriculture,but also emphasizes the stable growth of farmers’ income and the sustainable development of the ecological environment.However,the small-scale operation of farm households in China has become an important bottleneck restricting the development of agricultural modernization.In addition to the small-scale operation of agricultural land,with the rapid industrialization and urbanization,the increase in labor prices has induced a large shift in the rural labor force,which has impacted agricultural production and exacerbated the lag in agricultural modernization.While the rural labor force is accelerating its transfer to the cities,the concurrent production of agriculture and the ageing of the labor force have intensified.In general,the management scale of agricultural land is too narrow and the loss of rural labor force has greatly hampered the development of China’s agricultural modernization.Therefore,cultivating new types of agricultural scale management entities and promoting the development of agricultural scale operations have become an urgent task in modern agriculture.From the perspective of the implementation of moderate-scale management of agriculture,whether it is the government-led mode of scale management of agriculture or the scale of operation mode formed by farmers spontaneously,farmers are the most basic units for the supply of agricultural land,and the circulation of agricultural land is still the main way of implementation.In the process of cultivating the new operator of scaled-up agricultrural,due to the difference in resource endowment among different stakeholders,the farmers are in a weak position in the scale operation of agriculture.Due to the basic status of farmers in the current agricultural operation and the possibility that farmers have gradually become the main operator of agricultural land management,in the cultivation of new agricultural management entities,discrimination against farmers should be eliminated,and opportunities should be created to promote their development.In addition,the connotation of agricultural modernization development also requires the sustainable development of the ecological environment.Some scholars have called for the need to pay attention to the study of the effects of other aspects of efficiency-oriented agricultural land transfer reform,especially on the environmental effects of agricultural land circulation.In view of this,this study takes "farmland circulation" as the core perspective and key content of the whole article,and conducts research on the theme of "influencing factors and environmental effects of agricultural land circulation".First of all,through the study of the influencing factors of farmers’ willingness to transfer farmland,it is possible to explore the possibility that farmers will spontaneously transfer to agricultural land and develop into a operator of scaled-up agricultrural.Secondly,starting from the basis of the relevant policies of agricultural land system and agricultural scale management,the unit village committee will start to explore the influencing factors affecting the farmer’s farmland transfer behavior,especially the institutional factors that promote or hinder the transfer of farmland into and out of the farmland,in order to eliminate the obstacles of farmers’ farmland circulation.Moreover,it echoes the connotation requirements of environmentally friendly and sustainable development of agricultural modernization,and discusses the impact of agricultural land circulation on environmental effects.This research can provide theoretical basis for promoting the agricultural land circulation and scale management,and improving the level of agricultural modernization.It has theoretical and practical significance.The main findings of this study are as follows:(1)The stronger the willingness of farmers with stronger agricultural management ability to transfer to agricultural land.The ability of farmers to engage in agricultural management(reflected through the core variables of household agricultural income and agricultural production of working capital)is the key to the expected utility of farmer’s agricultural land transfer.Farmers with higher incomes from family farming,the income from operating agricultural land is still the main source of income,and it is more inclined to think that expanding the scale of agricultural land management will bring about an increase in their agricultural income,so the willingness to transfer agricultural land to expand business scale is stronger.Higher agricultural production of working capital investment reflects higher agricultural income expectations and has a positive impact on farmers’ willingness to transfer to agricultural land.(2)The intermediary role of the village committee only has an impact on the willingness of farmers to transfer in agricultural land,and plays a facilitating role;and the control role of the village committee has a hindrance to the willingness of farmers to transfer and transfer.Specifically:the intermediary role of the village committee can reduce the risk of farmland circulation and promote the willingness of farmers to transfer to farmland.For farmers who have the willingness to transfer,the larger the area that they wish to transfer,the stronger the impact;It has a negative impact on farmers’ willingness to transfer farmland,although the regulatory effect can reduce the risk of farmland transfer,but it increases the farmers’concerns about the risk of transferring farmland property rights.For the farmers who have the willingness to transfer,the larger the area that they wish to transfer,the stronger the control effect.(3)In the impact on the farmer’s agricultural land transfer behavior,the intermediary role of the village committee is "discriminatory".This kind of "discrimination" is reflected in the promotion of farmers who have a large transfer area.The greater the scope of the influence of the intermediary role in the farmers,the more favorable it is to increase the area transferred to the farmland.The "discriminatory" role of the intermediary,the possible reasons for the policy unilaterally emphasizes encouraging large farmers to transfer to agricultural land,resulting in discrimination against small farmers to transfer to agricultural land.For the transferee,the intermediary role of the village committee has a significant positive impact on the area of the transferred farmland,and the greater the impact on the farmers who have transferred out of the area.In addition,the degree of trust of farmers in the village committee is not high,so that the village committee can not really play an intermediary role.(4)In the impact on the farmer’s agricultural land transfer behavior,the control role of the village committee is differentiated.The existence of the village-level control role hinders the increase of the degree of participation in agricultural land transfer,but the village committee and the grass-roots government intervene in the agricultural business model are different.In practice,the village committee’s control is more inclined to transfer large-scale agricultural land.Specifically,the control role of the village committee has a significant negative impact on the transfer and transfer,and the greater the negative impact on the farmers who participate in the transfer.At the same time,the existence of "differentiation"control will distort the expectation of farmers’ risk:the more farmers in the village understand the transfer control,the more farmers tend to think that the farmland will not flow to the scale business entity and will not be easily changed.It is expected that the risk of transferring to agricultural land will be lower than if there is no regulation,so farmers will be transferred to more agricultural land.(5)In the case study,it was found that the role of the village committee also has obvious geographical limitations and limitations.In the case of small scale of agricultural land management in the early stage,it can play a better organization and coordination role,and the organization of work is flexible;however,when the scale of agricultural land management develops to a certain stage,it involves large-scale farmland transfer and large-scale farmers participating in When the number of small farmers is large,cross-village or even cross-town development,the village committee can not provide a corresponding intermediary role,and it needs further guidance from the grass-roots government or the higher-level government in terms of contract legal validity,normativeness,and information provision.(6)Based on the study on the impact of agricultural land transfer on the environmental effects of straw treatment,it can be found that,in general,through the circulation of agricultural land,the gas emissions per unit area of the straw transplanted can be reduced.The gas emissions per unit area of straw farms that are transferred out of some agricultural land and still retain agricultural operations are increased.On the whole,the direct environmental effects of agricultural land transfer are conducive to alleviating the problem of air pollution in the agricultural production process.Therefore,on the issue of straw treatment,promoting agricultural land circulation and scale management has positive environmental significance.