| Education is the main channel of the accumulation of human capital,which is the main way to the upward flowing.When there is unequal opportunity of education,it will led directly to individual differences in education,which will widen the gap between different classes.This will expand the social gap between the rich and the poor.This will also affect the economic development and stability.Therefore,it is very important for individuals to realize the relative fairness of education opportunity.On the one hand,among the influence factors of the inequality of educational opportunity,family backgrounds have continuous impacts.When we combine the influences of the individual's urban and rural backgrounds,this inequality has more complex characteristics.Therefore,it is necessary to make an in-depth analysis of the common impacts of the two backgrounds.On the other hand,Chinese income distribution gap is widening,finding the reasons for the widening income gap has been of concern for the theory.While education is an important part of them.But the effect of educational inequality on income gap does not get consistent conclusion.So it needs for further analysis.Furtherly,from a policy perspective,an important change in the field of education is the expansion of college enrollment policy.College enrollment policy increases the chances of residents to university,but for different groups,the opportunities to receive education are different.Therefore,it is helpful to understand the effect of the expansion of the enrollment policy to assess the impact of the expansion of the enrollment on educational opportunities.Based on the theoretical analysis and empirical research,this dissertation analyzes the above three problems from the macro and micro level,quantity and quality aspect.Finally this dissertation draws the following conclusions:First,this dissertation analyzes education opportunity inequality between urban and rural areas which is due to individual differences in educational decision making from two aspects of education quantity and quality.This dissertation uses the Mare multi stage education model by Logit and multivariate Logit method.The results show that unequal educational opportunities in family education background mainly lie in the rural population and low education groups.Unequal access to education caused by familyoccupation background mainly concentrates on rural population and farmers.Family size generally reduces the individuals' chance to go to school which have a greater impact on rural population.The education opportunities caused by the above three kinds of decisions are the most serious in junior middle school rolling in high school.From educational quality perspective,for the same educational level groups,urban and rural education unequal opportunities deteriorate by the increasing of quality of school.The key school opportunities in the peasant class expand.For the same occupation background,the higher the quality of school,the greater the inequality of urban and rural education opportunities.Family size generally reduces the chances of rolling in a high quality school.For the same family size,uneven educational opportunities in urban and rural areas expand by school quality.Second,the formal literatures to measure the inequality of education on the macro level,while this dissertation measures the unequal educational opportunities and educational efforts inequality based on environmental factors the individual facing on the micro level.This dissertation study the relationship between the educational inequality and income gap.The relationship between education inequality and income inequality is mainly due to the neglect of the opposite role of educational opportunity inequality and educational effort inequality.This dissertation concludes that the unequal educational opportunities expand the income gap.Because the two opposite effects,the overall inequality of education on the impact of the income gap is not significant.At the same time,the efforts of education inequality can weaken the unequal educational opportunities to expand the income gap.Third,By using provincial panel data,this dissertation empirically tests the effect of the enrollment expansion policy on the income gap between urban and rural areas.The theoretical analysis shows that the expansion of college enrollment policy reduces the income gap between urban and rural areas through the scale effect,educational opportunities and the non-agricultural employment.The effect of the three mechanisms to reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas is small and decreasing.The empirical analysis confirms this conclusion and the effect of educational opportunity mechanism is the largest.Further,the expansion of college enrollment increased theincome of rural residents through the above three mechanisms.This finally narrows the income gap between urban and rural areas.Meanwhile,this policy increases the income of rural residents by the increasing of the education opportunity.According to the research of heterogeneity,the policy of enrollment expansion in Colleges and universities has significantly reduced the income gap between urban and rural areas in low level of economic development areas and less education resources allocation areas.The policy implications are that we should pay more attention to the role of college enrollment expansion policy in increasing educational opportunities and reducing the inequality of educational opportunities.At the same time,educational policy should focus on the backward areas and rural areas.This dissertation is conducive to study the factors affecting the unequal educational opportunities.This dissertation measures more carefully education opportunity inequality of China.It helps to further understand the relationship between education inequality and income gap.This dissertation also assesses the impact of college enrollment expansion policy on education opportunity inequality and its impact on income gap.Finally,it aims to formulate corresponding policies. |
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