Research On Errors Of Chinese Written Language Of Hearing-impaired Students

Except for other ways of learning about the world,Chinese written language is the major means of understanding the mainstream of the society for hearing-impaired students.It includes two aspects: the reading of written language with input characteristics and the expression of written language with output characteristics.Written language of hearing-impaired students has borrowed the form and grammatical rules from Chinese written language because it does not possess its own separate system of language.Hearing-impaired students' utilization of Chinese written language is to communicate with those who have normal hearing ability with much fluency.Therefore,it is extremely important for them to have strong ability of written language.It is demonstrated in present studies that the ability of written language of hearing-impaired students has lagged behind four grades of those with normal hearing ability.Meanwhile,there are errors in their expression as well.The research on this error can help to understand the characteristics of their use of language and their linguistic cognition,and to dig out the reasons for this error as well.Therefore,the solutions can be proposed to improve their expressive abilities and help them grasp expressive abilities of Chinese written language.This dissertation is composed of eight parts.The reasons for choosing this topic,the object of study,the content,the significance and research approach are discussed in the induction part.Furthermore,the methods and data are introduced in this part.In Chapter One,I make a brief introduction of literature reviews and some concepts of written language of hearing-impaired students.First of all,I comment on some relevant studies of written language of such students both domestically and globally.And the key point of my research lies in the pertinent errors.Moreover,I expound the sign language of hearing-impaired students and the relevant terms and definitions accordingly.In Chapter Two,analysis of errors of hearing-impaired students' written language.Based on the survey and investigation,I get a large sum of first-hand materials.The survey,questionnaires and talks with the teachers and students,together with the analysis,classification,statistics and research of the writings and diaries of hearing-impaired students of three grades provide the supporting for reasons for the present situation,categories,and scales of errors.The reasons for the errors of hearing-impaired students' written language are discussed in Chapter Three.There is no separate system of written symbols in sign language in China,therefore,it is common for its “borrowing” or “mixed borrowing” of “pronunciation” and “form” from Chinese language,which leads to the negative transfer of the language acquisition of hearing-impaired students.Furthermore,another negative transfer comes from the structural characteristics of Chinese phonograms.These reasons result in the errors of hearing-impaired students.In Chapter Four,I make a study of the phenomenon of errors of hearing-impaired students' written language.“Facultative form” is an objective existence of sign language which reflects the distinct difference of sign language from other vocal languages.The “facultative form” between sign language and part of speech in gestures lead to the hearing-impaired students' errors of synonyms and misuse of words with same phonemes.And the “facultative form” between nouns and verbs,nouns and adjectives,verbs and adjectives in sign language leads to their misuse of written language.The study of the errors of deformity in their written language is made in Chapter Five.The omission,punctuation,simultaneity,hand control or non-hand control are the common ways of expression in hearing-impaired students' natural sign language which conforms to perception regularity.Their sign language demonstrates different components of Chinese sentences by these methods,that is,there is difference in forms of syntactic components between sign language and Chinese verbal language while is the uniformity only exists in their semantic components.The writer of this dissertation thinks that these expressive ways lead to the negative transfer for hearing-impaired students' written language which causing the error or deformity of their written language.In Chapter Six,analysis of the reasons for the errors in word order of hearing-impaired students.Natural sign language,as an independent linguistic system,has its own word order and grammatical rules,which is different from those of Chinese language.In other words,the word gesture in sign language is not completely linear as other languages because of its gestures,as movements and non-hand control can express the semantic relations.Fundamentally,the different forms of errors of hearing-impaired students are greatly influenced by the word order of sign language,which are caused by the transfer from sign language to Chinese language.Chapter Seven is the conclusion part,in which the essential reasons of errors of hearing-impaired students' written language are summarized.The innovative points,weak points and further study are presented in this part as well.