Research On The Formation Of Higher Education Mode In The Early Days Of The Founding Of New China

The higher education mode during the first seventeen years since the founding of the P.R.C was not a version of the Soviet Union's,the experiences of the old liberated areas' and traditional Chinese also had significant effect on the higher education reform in this period.Although the college structure and teaching system of the new Chinese higher education were learning form the Soviet Union's mode,however the nature of it,was inheriting to the higher education mode of the old liberated areas which based on same basic theories contrast to the Soviet higher educational pattern,but with different development paths.The new Chinese higher education mode was formed higher education reform during 1949 to 1965.In this process,as for the key variable which can be broken down into,at least includes the aims of higher education institutions,the learners of higher education institutions,the curriculum system of higher education institutions,the teaching system of higher education institutions,the school-running system of higher education institutions,the macro-administration system of higher education institutions,the internal management system of higher education institutions,the category structure of higher education institutions,the disciplinary structure of higher education institutions,the level structure of higher education institutions.To make the discussion of the formation process of the new Chinese higher education mode more aimly,the author chooses these essential reference items as the start point,concentrated investigate these fields:Part 1 mainly includes Chapter 2,which focuses on analysis some theoretical issues of the higher education reform during the first seventeen years since the founding of the P.R.C.About the comprehensive scheme:inheriting the revolutionary experiences of the old liberated areas,assimilating the useful experiences of the traditional China and learning the Soviet Union's experiences.About three theoretical fulcrums:first is the higher education mode of the old liberated areas,second is the higher education mode of the traditional China,third is the higher education mode of the Soviet Union.About three mainly periods:form 1949 to 1951,the major task of the higher education reform was to inherit the experiences of the old liberated areas';form 1952 to 1956,the major reform task was to depart form the mode of the old liberated areas' higher education and accept the experiences of the Soviet Union's;form 1957 to 1965,the major reform task was to return the old liberated areas' mode.Through analysis these theoretical issues,the author points out that the higher education reform during the first seventeen years since the founding of the P.R.C was not just following suit of the Soviet higher educational pattern.In fact,the higher education reform of the new China caused by the old liberated areas' mode,especially as for the higher educational ideas.Part 2,which mainly includes chapter 3 to 5.It studies the specific formation process of the higher education mode during the first seventeen years since the founding of the P.R.C.1949 to 1951,influenced by the higher education mode of the old liberated areas,new Chinese institution of higher learning cultivating intellectuals from workers and farmers;constructing curriculum system which was based on Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong thoughts;running universities by ministries and commissions;taking over the traditional universities and Christian colleges.In addition,as for the curriculum system and the internal management system of higher education institutions,the higher education experiences of the traditional China also have significant effects.1952 to 1956,the major reform task was accept the experiences of the Soviet Union's.Influenced by the Soviet Union's higher education experiences,new Chinese institution of higher learning founding many one-major-colleges as well as a few comprehensive universities;arranging instructional activities through unified teaching plans which were designed for each major learning area.However,the higher education mode of the old liberated areas was not abandoned in this period.The experiences of the old liberated areas,such as cultivating leading cadres from workers and farmers,paying attention to the ideological and political education,running universities by ministries and commissions also have significant effects.1957 to 1965,the major reform task was to return the old liberated areas' mode.In this period,new Chinese institution of higher learning paying attention to serve the national politics;combing higher education with productive labor;running universities by Chinese Communist;uniting workers and farmers to operate the higher education.From 1961 to 1963,although new Chinese institution of higher learning making some adjustment in the aims and the teaching system,however the nature of it,still inheriting to the revolutionary experiences of the old liberated areas,not the Soviet Union's systematic higher education experiences.Chapter 6 compose Part 3.Through analysis how the higher education reform during the first seventeen years since the founding of the P.R.C,the author come to a conclusion of the higher education mode of new China.About the mode of talent cultivating:the aim is cultivating laborers with great academic ability and intense political consciousness;the learners are the workers and farmers;the curriculum system is emphasizing the ideological and political education;the teaching system is the combination of the old liberated areas' form and Soviet pattern.About the mode of management:the school-running system is the government running;the macroscopic administration system is running universities by ministries and commissions;the internal management system is the president responsibility system under the leadership of party committees.About the mode of structure:the category of higher education institutions is one-major-colleges become the main part;the layer of high education is undergraduate education as the main task.The higher education mode during the first seventeen years since the founding of the P.R.C can draw at least the following four fundamental characteristics:the first one is cultivating intellectuals from workers and farmers;the second one is paying attention to the ideological and political education;the third one is combing higher education with productive labor;the fourth one is running universities by Chinese Communist.