The Driving Mechanism Of Rural-Urban Migration In China

Since the reform and opening up to the present,under the joint action of the rural"thrusting force" and the urban "pulling force",the massive and unprecedented population migration created the "Chinese miracle",which attracted the attention of the whole world.Meanwhile,some problems arose correspondingly.To solve these problems,we must grasp the essence of rural migration population.The study establishes a multi-level structure system of rural-urban migration driving factors,including macro and micro perspectives.Firstly,it analyzes the temporal and spatial evolution of China's rural population migration from the macro and micro perspectives respectively.Secondly,it discusses the driving factors of China's rural-urban migration in three parts:the determinants of the migration behavior,the determinants of the moving direction and the impact of social relations on the migration behavior.The first two parts are studied from the macroscopic perspective,and the latter part is supplemented and analyzed from the microscopic perspective.Finally a complete structural system of the migration factors of the rural-urban migration is formed.At the macro level,this paper analyzes the temporal and spatial evolution of the migration of rural population,establishes a model and indicator system to analyze the influencing factors of the rural-urban migration,and analyzes the impact of the inter-provincial migration directions by using the spatial correlation OD model.At the micro level,this research collected the complete migration data of two administrative villages in the central populous province for 38 years,and conducted the circle layer structure analysis and social network analysis.In addition,verify the role of social relations in the behavior and direction of rural-urban migration by QAP regression analysis.On the basis of the above research,the conclusions are as follows:1.According to an analysis of the rural-urban migration efficiency of population,the rural-urban population migration has become an effective mechanism for the redistribution of population in more and more provinces.On the whole,in the 31 provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government of China,areas with higher urban migration rates have gradually formed a "V" type distribution in space,made with the southeast coastal areas as well as the southwest and northwest provinces.While the areas with higher rural emigration rate,have gradually formed the "O" type in space,made with the central provinces adjacent to each other.The spatial pattern of "V" and "O" is being strengthened continuously with the time on.2.The analysis of the circle layer structure of rural population migration shows that according to the extent of rural population going out of the countryside,the migrant from rural areas to urban areas can be divided into four levels.It is found that there are interactions among the four levels.This kind of interaction is not accomplished overnight.It includes the incremental interaction and transitory interaction,and repetition.There's still repetition.However,these interactions are all reflected at the spatial level.3.Through the analysis of the factors affecting the scale of rural-urban population migration,we find that in the first phase of urban-rural relations(1978-2003),the migration of rural population is more of a kind rebound for the population flowing to return to the natural changing state with the release of surplus agricultural labor force after the removal of the population mobility policy.In the second phase of the urban-rural relationship(2003-2016),the level of urban economy and employment factors are significantly positively correlated with the scale of rural population migration.In addition,compared with the"thrusting force" of the rural areas,the "pulling force" of the towns has more influence on the rural-urban migration.Except that,there is a significant negative correlation between the social security and basic education.4.Through the analysis of the driving factors of the directions of rural-urban migration,we found that the distance factor has a significant negative eflfect on the migration of the inter-provincial population.The higher proportion of the added value of the first industry in population flow-out areas,the larger agriculture population and the lower income level of rural residents,the greater 'pulling force' of rural areas.The level of output value of employment.employment opportunities,public service levels and natural climatic conditions have a significant positive effect on the directions of inter-provincial migration.As time progresses,the degree of social civilization in pupolation flow-in areas has begun to have a significant positive effect on the rural-urban migration,which means that rural migrants are paying more and more attention to the improvement of their quality of life when choosing destinations.5.Both the social relationships and kinship ties have significant impacts on the flow of rural-urban migration.The rural population who choose the inter-provincial migration show the more dependent to the kinship ties than that of the groups that migrate within the province.The rural population migration appears to a "Chain Lead" pattern which is guided by the forerunners,taking the nuclear family as the unit and the kinship as the links.It forms a shift from individual migration to the migration of the nuclear family,and then it then gradually shifts to the trend of the extended family migration that includes more kinship.