The Theory And Practice Of The “Inline Skating Turning To Speed Skating” Training Mode

At present,China has entered the crucial stage of preparing for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.In order to solve the shortcomings of China's winter sports,the general Administration of sports of China,in conjunction with relevant departments,has put forward a new concept of “making national efforts to mend the shortcomings” through comprehensive investigation and thinking.They adopt a new idea of cross-sports and cross-border athlete selection to break the traditional restrictions and broaden the athlete selection channels,make full use of the natural resources and regional advantages of provinces and cities,enrich the construction of reserve teams for winter sports,utilize the talent base of summer sports and by scientific selection of talents,to improve the success rate of athletes and shorten the training period of athletes in winter sports,and then make up for the shortcomings of our winter sports talent reserve,so as to achieve the leap-forward development of winter sports.In May 2015,the Winter Sports Management Center of the General Administration of Sports of China clearly designated the Jiangsu Provincial Inline Skating Team as a pilot to implement the plan of “Ice-Snow sports expanding to south and west” and “Inline Skating turning to Speed Skating ” program.In June 2016,the Jiangsu Provincial Speed Skating Team was formally established.Since the implementation of the “Inline skating turning to Speed skating ” program,Jiangsu Provincial Speed Skating Team has made remarkable achievements in international and domestic speed skating competitions.This paper took the theory and practice of the “Inline skating turning to Speed skating ” training mode as the starting point,adopted the methods of literature,expert interviews,follow-up investigation and logical analysis,and on the basis of transfer theory,event group training theory,staged training theory and "Double Model" training theory,analyzed the characteristics of Inline Skating and speed skating events,constructed the theoretical framework of the “Inline skating turning to Speed skating ” training mode,and then and through the practical analysis of Jiangsu Speed Skating Team's training mode,indicated the direction for the future training mode of “Inline skating turning to Speed skating ”,and provided a model reference for cross-border athlete selection and transfer sports training of other projects.The major conclusions were as follows:“Inline skating turning to Speed skating ” training mode refers to the goal of cultivating speed skating reserve talents and improving the overall competitive strength of speed skating.It takes the Inline Skating athletes as the main body,through scientifically designed training phases and training content,to eventually transfer them to speed skating athletes with strong competitive strength(higher competitive level).Starting from the practice of sports training,according to the theoretical guidance,a three-phase training mode of “basic training phase: Inline Skating training ? transition development phase: inline skating and speed skating training ? special improvement phase: speed skating training” should be formed.The overall strength of speed skating in China has declined seriously,especially the overall competitive strength of long-distance sports has remained stagnant.The achievements of Jiangsu speed skating team prove that the “Inline skating turning to Speed skating ” training mode can effectively expand the selection of speed skating talents and the construction of reserve talent team,and further enhance the overall competitive strength of speed skating.It is pointed out that the development direction of skate training should be based on long distance speed skating and mass start items,with particular emphasis on the development of mass start skating items.Based on the characteristics of Inline Skating and speed skating,this paper proposes the goal of cultivating speed skating reserve talents;puts forward the guiding ideology of “Inline skating turning to Speed skating ” training mode;judges the timing of the transfer training from three aspects of age,sports performance and understanding and adaptability to speed skating techniques.Through the Delphi method,it consists of 3 first-level indicators(Human resources factors,Training competition factors and Ccomprehensive support factors),and 9 second-level indicators(coach factors,athlete factors,manager factors,training environment,scientific training,competition reform,management support,research support and medical security),and 41 three-level indicators of the “Inline skating turning to Speed skating ” training model influencing factors index system.Based on the theoretical research content of “Inline skating turning to Speed skating ” training,the theoretical framework of “Inline skating turning to Speed skating ” training is constructed,which is mainly composed of five parts:connotation,principle,timing judgment,training content and influencing factors.In the basic training phase of “Inline skating turning to Speed skating ” training mode,annual single-cycle training arrangements is applied,focusing on Inline Skating training to improve athletes' Inline Skating competitive strength and level.In the transition development phase,the annual double-cycle training mode is applied to improve athletes' Inline Skating competitive strength and start the speed ice-skating training cycle,to adapt to and adjust speed skating techniques and the game rhythm.The conversion frequency is increased to enhance the athlete's adaptability to the techniques.The best competitive state appears in the main competition period of Inline Skating.In the special improvement phase,the annual double-cycle training mode is still applied,based on speed skating training and competitions to focus on improving athletes' speed skating ability and sports performance,especially to explore and form a relatively scientific concept on technical training,that is,the technical difference between Inline Skating and speed skating is actually in the running-in with equipments,not limited to the two technologies themselves.With the frequent transformation,it will form a suitable "personalized" skating style for oneself,but the proportion of Inline Skating training in this phase should not be ignored,and the best competitive state appears in the main competition period of speed skating.Through case analysis,it is more definite that the main body of “Inline skating turning to Speed skating ” training is speed skaters and coaches.The original Inline Skating techniques should be respected.According to the athletes' break in and adaptability to speed skating equipment and venues,the adaption of speed skating's special techniques should be centered to create a technical training concept with athletes' individualized skating style.At the same time,it also verifies the rationality and scientificity of the “Inline skating turning to Speed skating ” training mode.