| Teachers have been playing an essential role in the improvement of educational quality and equality.Before the end of World War II,UK government had prepared to train primary and secondary school teachers for postwar period.From 1944 to 2010,the initial education for primary and secondary school teachers had gained great progress under the promotion of related policies in England and Wales.It is worthy of research,learning and reflection.From the eve of the end of World War II to the early 1970 s,the theme of initial teacher education policies in England and Wales was the expansion of teacher training scale.After the World War II,there were two baby booms in Britain,which led to serious shortage of primary and secondary school teachers.England and Wales have alleviated teacher shortage crisis by implementing Emergency Recruitment and Training Scheme and some other expansion policies in initial teacher education.At the same time,Training Colleges have strengthened links with universities by Area Training Origanizations and offering bachelors of education courses.In the early 1970 s,the economic crisis and the decline in birth rate ended the great development of education in Britain after World War II,and people began to calm down and thought about the quality of education.Initial teacher education policy has begun to pay attention to the quality of initial teacher education.England and Wales have created conditions for improving the quality of initial teacher education by implementing the policies of shrinking initial teacher education scale and institutional restructuring.After the Conservative Party came into power in 1979,the quality of initial teacher education improved through the implementation of nationwide unified certification for initial teacher education curriculum.Since the promulgation of the Education Reform Act 1988,influenced by Neoconservatism and Neo-liberalism,the British government has strengthened its central control over education and has enhanced the competitiveness of the education market.Specifically,in the field of initial teacher education,the government has implemented a series of policies,carried out the competency-based initial teacher education courses certification and explored a variety of school-based initial teacher education channels.In order to promote primary and secondary schools to participate more in initial teacher education,the government has also set up the Teacher Training Agency,which aims to provide direct funding for primary and secondary schools that undertake the task of initial teacher education.Since the New Labour Party came into power in 1997,under the guide of "The Third Way",the government took education development as “number one priority”.At the same time,government has committed to builde and implement standards for Qualified Teacher Status that covers the factors of teachers' ability,values,attitude and personal quality.The government also took standards for Qualified Teacher Status as orientation to promote the development of initial teacher education.In order to promote more students get Qualified Teacher Status,the government has implemented relevant policies to attract outstanding talents to participate in the initial teacher education,and strengthened the management and supervision of initial teacher education.From 1944 to 2010,the development of the initial teacher education policy in England and Wales had shown the changes from teacher training scale-focused to that of the quality-focused;from theory courses-emphasized to practice-emphasized;from the attention of exerting higher education institutions' role in initial teacher education to making primary and secondary schools involved more in initial teacher education.During these changes,initial teacher education policies based on professional research,emphasizing the diversification of policy makers also supervision and assessment of policy implementation.These measures profoundly enlighten us to make and implement our initial teacher education policy. |
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